南非裁判長andre Watson我心目中理想的裁判擁有哪些特徵

What’s on my mind

本文譯自南非官網裁判篇(www.sareferees.co.za)2011年Newsletter第1期.譯者辛久銘於林口2013年3月13日

當我被問到,什麼樣個人特性變成一個好裁判?答案包括公正,無私,冷靜和控制.這些並沒有錯,但是什麼樣能變為理想的裁判.他的特徵是能最佳服務球員,教練和觀眾.這些特徵包括四部分-知識,一致性,溝通和氣質.

以上四個術語有他的字典定義,但在橄欖球裁判法有其特殊的意義.

知識(Knowledge)

字典上定義:由經驗產生認知或熟識.

Watson定義把它屬於裁判法:橄欖球”專業知識”.不僅跟全部規則書條文有關.而且與比賽內容亦有關的知識.僅有規則明文的知識,而沒有其他的領域就像毫無一點知識一樣的危險.如果沒有下列所述種種知識,如規則,比賽,球員的需求,scrums的目的,攻擊和防守等等,裁判就不能流暢指揮交響樂章.

我們正在教導省級裁判團,和有欲進階的裁判成員,在比賽當日他們獲得到什麼?範圍從技術上,從固定比賽模式如scrum, line-out到讓比賽自由流程,和亂集團如ruck, maul.這是對頂級裁判最深奧的信息.他們專業裁判知識也需要經驗累積

一致性(Consistency)

字典上定義:遵守前後執法一致

Watson定義:從每一個人口中說出的話.對橄欖球裁判而言,它意旨從比賽開始到結束,應用規則前後相同,看法和舉止,而不是違反先前的應用的規則,看法和一般舉止.也需要裁判員之間相同應用同一規則,例如所有裁判在叫scrum的組架,有相同的聲調.在裁判法的一致性,意旨比賽應用規則持續不變,和前後一致.

溝通(Communication)

字典上定義:傳遞訊息

Watson定義:不良溝通是裁判名譽最大的殺手.在我們南非國度裡,積極以互相尊重和可接近的態度,奮力來與球員溝通,博感情.但仍然從頭到尾堅定地展示控制比賽整個狀況.溝通並不限定語言的表達,同時也需要肢體語言.肢體語言在裁判法是很重要的一環.

氣質(Temperament)

字典上定義:個人與生俱來的本性.

Watson定義:氣質是與生俱來的.而好的氣質是給予裁判的恩睗.裁判天生的氣質使他發脾氣或變為緊張慌亂?他是否在執法中言行反覆無常或偶然被人激怒?他是否對球員採取私人行動或無動於衷?

當一位裁判,我們職責在那裏,是服務整場比賽.為了比賽進行順利,裁判要提供一致性服務球員,經由好的溝通技巧,擁有合適的氣質,和正確的規則應用.如果我們裁判能達成上述所言,比賽真的將為所有參與者--球員 教練 觀眾和賭徒所喜愛.

祝裁判執法快樂!

附原文

When I’m askedwhat personal qualities make a good referee, answers include fairness, impartiality,calmnessand control. These aren’t wrong but what makes ‘the ideal referee’ are

characteristics that best serve players, coaches andspectators. These include knowledge, consistency, communication andtemperament. These four terms have dictionary definitions, but also havespecific meaning in the context of refereeing.

Knowledge

Dictionary definition: ‘awareness or familiarity caused byexperience’.

Watson’s definition as it pertains to refereeing: ‘Knowledge’relates to knowledge not only of the laws but also of the game. Knowledge ofthe laws only and not the other areas is as dangerous as no knowledge at all.Without the knowledge of the laws, the game, the needs of the players, the aimat scrums, attack, defence, etc, the referee cannot conduct the orchestrasmoothly. We’re teaching our Provincial Panel and ContendersSquad referees to give the game of the day what it deserves, ranging fromtechnical and ‘tight’ tofree-flow and ‘loose’. This isa ‘deep’ message for the very best(top-level) refs, whose knowledge also entails experience.

Consistency y

Dictionary definition: ‘conforming with other or earlierpractices’

Watson’s definition: ‘Consistency’ is the word on everybody’s lips; for a referee, it means starting and ending the game withthe same application, attitude and demeanour, and not contradicting earlier applications,attitudes and general behaviours. There also needs to be a

similar (compatible) application between referees – for example, all referees should usethe same cadence in calling the scrum engagement. Consistency in refereeing meanssteadiness and harmony with the game and oneself.

Communication n

Dictionary definition: ‘act of imparting news, information’.

Watson’s definition: Poor communication can be the biggest killer of referees’reputations. We in South Africastrive to communicate in a respectful and approachable manner, yet firmly anddisplaying control of the situation at all times. Communication is not limited towords but also entails body language – a crucial componentof refereeing.

Temperament

Dictionary definition: ‘a person’sdistinct nature and character’.

Watson’s definition: Temperament is something you’re born with, and a good temperament isa boon to a referee. Does the referee’s inherenttemperament cause him to lose his temper or become flustered? Does he behave erraticallyor come across as moody? Does he take

personally actions or non-actions by players? Asreferees, we’re there to service thegame, to provide a consistentservice to the players through good communication, witha suitable temperament and the correct knowledgefor the sake of the game. If we can achievethis, the game will truly be enjoyed by all stakeholders.

Happy reffing!