2012-12-15 06:37:35用心辦教育

元旦敘述*****第一單元


 

春節,指農曆正月初一開始的節日,是東亞許多地區傳統上慶祝新的一年的節慶。並為中國大陸澳門香港台灣朝鮮韓國蒙古越南寮國緬甸柬埔寨泰國新加坡馬來西亞明治維新前的日本等地最重要的節日之一。

 

 

 

Chinese New Year 中國新年的由來   

        中國新年指的是農曆新年,俗稱春節。對中國人而言,春節是最歡樂喜慶的節日,

      這個傳統年節已經傳承了數千年之久,象徵冬去春來萬象更新。傳統上,從農曆十二月

      開始,家家戶戶就忙著大掃除、除舊佈新、採買年貨新衣、醃製腊味、蒸年糕、貼春聯

      ,準備過新年;。除夕是一年的最後一天,在這一天中國人祭祖、拜神表示感恩。除夕

      夜全家團聚在一起吃年夜飯,因古人皆圍著爐子吃飯所以俗稱圍爐。年夜飯中有許多菜

      餚含有吉祥意味:芥菜(長年菜)表長壽、菜頭表示好彩頭、全雞代表全家福、有些家

      庭吃餃子表示招財進寶。吃過年夜飯,是小孩子最期待的時刻,因為可以拿長輩分給的

      壓歲錢。除夕夜,家人圍坐一起談天說笑徹夜不眠,即是守歲,守歲可以祈求雙親長壽

      。大年初一,大家穿上新衣(紅色是傳統上的吉祥顏色)到親朋好友家去拜年,互道吉

      祥話。中國新年時,常常可以聽見鞭炮聲此起彼落;根據古老的傳說,放鞭炮是為了趕

      走年獸以保平安。初二是出嫁女兒回娘家的日子;初四是諸神返回人間的日子:初五商

      家開張大吉;慶祝春節活動持續到農歷正月十五元宵節過後才告一段落。

 與新年有關的字彙:

 

中國生肖

Chinese Zodiac

壓歲錢

lucky money

年糕

rice cake

紅包

red envelope

鞭炮

firecrackers

舞龍

dragon dancing

春聯

couplet

水餃

dumpling

燈籠

lantern

農曆

lunar calendar

Happy New Year


      *The Importance of Chinese New Year

        Chinese New Year is the biggest holiday celebrated among Chinese people.
      It is often referred to as the spring festival because it signals the beginning of
      spring. New Year's Eve and New Year's Day are celebrated as a family affair, a
      time of reunion and thanksgiving.

      *The 15- day Celebration of Chinese New Year

        The first day of the Lunar New Year is "the welcoming of the gods of the
        heavens and earth."

  
      The second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods.

        The third and fourth days are for the sons-in-laws to pay respect to their
        parents-in-law.

  
      The fifth day people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth.

        The sixth to the 10th day, the Chinese visit their relatives and friends freely.
        They also visit the temples to pray for good fortune and health.

  
      The seventh day of the New Year is the day for farmers to display their produce.

        The eighth day, the Fujian people have another family reunion dinner, and at
        midnight they pray to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven.

  
      The ninth day is to make offerings to the Jade Emperor.

        The 10th through the 12th are days that friends and relatives should be invited
        for dinner.

        
The 13th day, after so much rich food, you should have simple rice congee and
        mustard greens (choi sum) to clean the system.

  
      The 14th day should be for preparations to celebrate the Lantern Festival, which
        is to be held on the 15th night.

        
The 15th day of the New Year is called the Lantern Festival, which is celebrated
        at night with lantern displays and children carrying lanterns in a parade.


      *Traditional New Year Food

       1. A whole fish- togetherness and abundance
       2. A chicken- prosperity, the chicken must be presented with a head, tail and feet
        to symbolize completeness.
       3. Noodles- represent long life
       4. Chinese New Year turnip cake- good luck
       5. Sticky rice cake- getting promotion
       6. Bamboo shoots- wishing that everything would be well
       7. Peanut- having many male offspring
       8. Others

      *Chinese New Year Decorations

       1. Vases of pretty blossoms
       2. Platters of oranges and tangerines
       3. A candy tray with eight varieties of dried sweet fruit
       4. Poetic couplets
       5. Happy wishes written on red paper
       6. Others

      *Traditional Customs

       1. Cleaning the house
       2. Giving red envelopes
       3. Wearing new clothes and hats
       4. Playing with fire crackers
       5. Saying "Gongshi! Gongshi!"
       6. Others

      *Crafts

       1. Fortune Cookie Decoration
       2. Paper Lantern
       3. Memories Time Capsule

      *Chinese Couplets

       Here are some couplets. Do you know what they mean in Chinese?
       Try it now!

       ◎ May your business expand to the world's end, and the wealth flow to you on every
         sea.
         
        Chinese:

       ◎ May the passing days bring you health and longevity. May this season of renewal
         find you basked in riches.
       
        Chinese:

       ◎ The pay is good, the work light, and office around your corner.
         Status, power, you've got all that, the brunt you leave to another.


       Chinese:


        *Matc

         1. 花開富貴

         2. 招財進寶

         3. 恭喜發財

         4. 年年有餘

         5. 萬事如意

         6. 財源廣進

         7. 一元復始,萬象更新

         8. 心想事成

         (  ) As the new year begins, let us also start anew.
         (  ) Happy New Year and hope you strike in rich!
         (  ) May wealth and riches be drawn your way.
         (  ) May a river of gold flow into your pockets.
         (  ) May all your wishes come true.
         (  ) Hope everything goes your way.
         (  ) May you always get more than you wish for.
         (  ) May your year flower in riches.

 

 

 

到了現在我們在過年的時後,會在門上貼了紅色春聯,並在街上放鞭炮 ,以及全加在一起圍爐通宵守歲等的習俗,就是由這個年獸的傳說而來

新年期間還有哪些習俗呢?

送灶王爺

每年的臘月(十二月)二十四日謂之「清塵」日,因為這天是灶君升天述職之日,諸神也上天奏事去了,大家可以移動神案上的神明,清除上面的灰塵,順便打掃全家的環境,清除一切晦氣。

由於這天要送灶君上天報告這家人的「功過」,因此,早上要準備牲禮、甜圓仔、壽金祭拜灶王公,讓祂吃得甜滋滋的,可以為我們在上帝面前說些好話。

過年除夕夜
三十日(也有是二十九日的)過年又稱除夕夜,這一天的習俗別多,所以,分別敘述如下:

避債錢:昔日為了讓缺錢及欠人錢之人好過年,在廟前有演「避債戲」,讓為了躲債的人可以前往看戲,等過了午夜後再回家過年。

送作堆:今日百無禁忌,可以讓童養媳和自己的兒子成婚,稱之「送作堆」,取:有錢無錢,娶個老婆好過年之意!

辭年:以牲禮和年糕祀神祭祖,並以菜飯祭門口好兄弟及地基主,謂之「辭年」。

圍爐:當天晚上全家一起圍在圓桌火爐旁吃飯,稱為團圓飯,圍爐時若有家人來不及趕回來,耍將一付筷子與飯碗放在桌上,並將其衣服放在椅子上,這頓飯要吃得愈久愈好。

壓歲錢:全家在圍爐之後,長輩要以紅包裝錢送給小一輩,稱之為「壓歲錢」!

守歲:分完壓歲錢後,全家圍坐在爐邊聊天,至通宵達旦,謂之「守歲」,據說,可使父母親長命百歲,因此,守得越晚越好。

貼春聯:為桃符之延伸,有避邪之意義。

上頭香

年三十晚上過了十一點之後,就算是農曆元旦的子時了,這一天是道教元始天尊的聖誕,台灣政府已經將這一天列為道教節,因此,每一個道教弟子對這一天要特別的重視。

如果能在這個時間之前到一間大廟等候,當廟門大開時在大爐中插上自己今年的第一炷香,那麼你所祈求的願望最容易實現,新的一年也會事事順暢,心想事成,所以,許多虔誠的信徒,都會以上頭香為新年的第一件大事。

嗣法中國玄門林口道場在每年的除夕夜子時就有很多信眾聚集在廣場等候上頭香,他們除了許下新年的新希望之外,還獲得陳宗師發的「招財紅包」,讓你在新年的頭一刻,就有錢財入袋的好預兆!

賀新春、賀正

過了三十的十一點後,要以爆竹來「賀正」,有恭賀新年的意思。

當日出行還必須選定吉利的時辰與方向,不可口出惡言,忌用刀剪、鋤頭、魚網等工具!

初二回娘家

初二這一天可以回娘家探親,稱之為做客,有回家向父母報平安及道喜的意義。

初四接神

當日有灶君和人間諸神回到人間,要準備牲禮迎神、接財神。

本日為文曲星神誕,可祈求小孩金榜提名。

初五隔開

表示「新正」到此告一段落,將供桌上的供品收起來,可以掃除髒亂。