單字用法stain
Carve
UK /kɑːv/ US /kɑːrv/
carve out雕出
carve-up劃分；分贓
vt. 刻；切
cut, slice, engrave, incise
crave
UK /kreɪv/ US /kreɪv/
vt. 渴望獲得；迫切需要
covet, desire, lust, want, envy
satin
KK[ˋsætɪn]DJ[ˋsætin]
n.[U]緞；緞子衣服
a.[Z緞的；緞做的；似緞的；光滑柔軟的
stain
1.沾汙，染汙[（+with）]
Blood stained the blanket. 血沾汙了毯子。
He's got an ink stain on his shirt. 他襯衫上有塊墨漬。
2.玷汙，敗壞
His crimes stained the family honor. 他的罪行玷汙了家庭的名譽。
3.給（木材，玻璃等）染色，給……著色
She stained the table brown. 她將桌子塗成了棕色。
stainless
KK[ˋstenlɪs]DJ[ˋsteinlis]
adj.未被玷汙的；無瑕疵的
stainless steel不鏽鋼
blot
noun [ C ]UK /blɒt/ US /blɑːt/
a small area of ink made by mistake
墨水漬an ink blot
blot out完全清除（思想、記憶等）；遮蓋
blot stain with vodka, then launder in your regular wash.
在污漬上抹點伏特加，然后按正常程序清洗即可。
a lie is an ugly blot on a person.謊言是一個人丑陋的污點。
Is there any way to remove the ink blot on my dress? 有什麼辦法去掉我衣服上的墨漬嗎？
blur
KK[blɝ]
n.名詞
1.模糊；模糊不清的事物[S]
Everything becomes a blur when you travel beyond a certain speed.
當你超過一定的速度行進時，一切都變得模模糊糊的。
2.汙點，汙跡[C]
The letter had many blots and blurs. 信上有許多墨水漬和汙跡。
vt.及物動詞
1.使模糊不清，使朦朧
Tears blurred her eyes. 她淚眼模糊。
2.弄髒；玷汙
mar
verb [ T ] formalUK /mɑːr/ US /mɑːr/
毀損；損傷；玷汙
Nothing marred their happiness. 沒有什麼能破壞他們的幸福。
mar a table top 損壞桌面
破壞
to mar one's career 毀掉自己的事業
to make or mar sth./sb. 使某事／某人成功或失敗
spoil
verb UK /spɔɪl/ US /spɔɪl/
[ I or T ]
When food spoils or is spoiled, it is no longer good enough to eat.
（使）（食物）變質，（使）變壞
The dessert will spoil if you don't keep it in the fridge.
如果你不把甜點放在冰箱裡，它會壞掉的。
The rain spoiled our picnic. 這場雨弄得我們的野餐一團糟。
decay
noun [ U ]UK /dɪˈkeɪ/ US /dɪˈkeɪ/
in decay已腐朽，已腐爛
fall into decay損壞，腐爛；衰敗
the process of decaying
腐蝕；衰敗，衰弱
environmental/industrial/moral/urban decay
環境惡化／工業衰退／道德淪喪／城市衰落
dental/tooth decay
蛀牙
Sweet potatoes decayed after the frost. 霜下了之後，地瓜爛掉了。
They are figuring out a way to stop the decay of the ancient building. 他們在想辦法阻止這古老建築的朽壞。
The buildings had started to fall into decay.
那些建築已經開始敗壞了。
This industry has been in decay for some time.
這行業早就開始息微了
· later this year, it will build an advanced facility in which trash will enter decay and produce methane in days, instead of lying underground for years to wait for the process to happen naturally.
今年下半年，他們將建設一個更先進的廠房，垃圾埋入幾天后，就會腐爛，產生甲烷，而不是躺在地下好幾年等著這個過程自然發生。
· new research shows that they capture and kill small insects with sticky hairs on their stems and then absorb nutrients through their roots when the animals decay and fall to the ground.
新的研究顯示，它們用自己莖干上的粘毛捕捉并殺死小昆蟲，然后等這些昆蟲腐爛落地后，通過根部吸收其中的營養。
· but trees, once planted, can die and decay or be chopped down for firewood, releasing the carbon they stored back into the atmosphere.
但是，樹木被種植以后可能會死亡、腐爛或者發生森林火災，也就會把他們儲藏的二氧化碳重新放回大氣層。
· sugar can cause tooth decay by being used as a food source for the bacteria found on our teeth which causes plaque.
糖通過被那些存在我們牙齒的引起斑塊的細菌作為一種食物來源，可以導致牙齒腐爛。
crumble
verb UK /ˈkrʌm.bəl/ US /ˈkrʌm.bəl/
to become weaker in strength or influence
（力量和影響力）減弱，崩潰，瓦解，敗落
Support for the government is crumbling.
對政府的支持日漸減少。
The recent earthquake crumbled the walls of many houses. 最近一次地震震坍了許多房子的牆。
the traditional order began to crumble soon after.傳統秩序很快就開始崩潰。
Dis integrate
verb [ I ]UK /dɪˈsɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪt/ US /dɪˈsɪn.t̬ə.ɡreɪt/
to become weaker or be destroyed by breaking into small pieces
分解，分化，分裂
The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the earth's atmosphere.
太空船進入大氣層時解體了。
The plane would probably disintegrate at that high speed. 那架飛機如以那麼快的速度飛行，可能會破碎解體。
rocks disintegrated by frost and rain 因受霜打雨淋而崩解的岩石
The situation disintegrated into chaos.局勢惡化後陷入混亂狀態。
De compose
verb [ I or T ] UK /ˌdiː.kəmˈpəʊz/ US /ˌdiː.kəmˈpoʊz/
to decay, or to cause something to decay
（使）腐化，（使）腐爛
The body must have been decomposing for several weeks.
那具屍體肯定已經腐爛好幾個星期了。
The meat began to decompose after some time in the sun. 肉在太陽下放了一些時候後開始腐敗。
CHEMISTRY specialized
to break, or to break something, into smaller parts
（使）分解，（使）分化
Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
微生物把有機廢物分解為一種甲烷和二氧化碳的混合物。
rot
noun [ U ] UK /rɒt/ US /rɑːt/
腐敗；腐爛；腐朽
Rot has got into the furniture. 傢俱開始朽壞。
vi.不及物動詞
1.腐爛，腐壞；腐朽，破損[（+away/down）]
The unrefrigerated food rotted. 未放進冰箱的食品腐爛了。
if one apple goes mouldy, will that make the others rot too?
如果一個蘋果開始爛了，是不是其他的也會爛呢？
the stalks will rot and make good fertilizer.
桿兒腐爛后會成為很好的肥料。
2.腐敗，墮落；衰敗
Without patriotism the nation will rot. 沒有愛國精神，國家就要腐敗。
vt.及物動詞
1.使腐爛，使腐壞；使破損；使腐朽[（+away/down）]
A strong household bleach might rot the fibers.
強力家用漂白劑可能會破壞衣物的纖維。
The old cat's teeth have all rotted away and he can't bite. 老貓的牙齒全都壞掉了, 它都不會咬東西了。
The shed had fallen in, and the wood was rotten away. 棚屋已塌陷, 木頭在腐爛。
The middle of the floor had rotted out, and was unsafe. 地板中部已經破損, 很不安全。
The crotch of his drawers rotted out. 他的內褲褲襠破了。
2.使腐敗，使墮落
n.[U]不可數名詞
1.腐爛，腐壞；腐敗，墮落
We should stop it the minute the rot sets in. 腐敗一產生，我們就應立即制止住。
2.蠢話；蠢事；荒唐事
You are talking absolute rot! 你講的全是胡說！
Injury
UK /ˈɪn.dʒər.i/ US /ˈɪn.dʒər.i/
n.[U（對人，動物的）傷害；（對健康的）損害；（精神上的）傷害；損人的事
physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack
傷害，損傷
back injury背部損傷
brain injury腦損傷
spinal cord injury脊髓受傷，脊椎損傷
serious injury重傷；嚴重損害
head injury頭部傷害
sport injury運動損傷
spinal injury脊髓損傷
add insult to injury雪上加霜；傷害之外又加侮辱
internal injury內部損傷，內傷
cold injury[外科] 凍傷
vascular injury血管損害
personal injury人身傷害
injury time（足球比賽中）傷停補時
bodily injury身體傷害
freezing injury[外科] 凍傷
lung injury肺損傷
blast injury爆發性損傷；沖擊波傷
industrial injury[經管] 工傷；工業損傷
physical injury人身傷害；物理傷害
abdominal injury[外科] 腹部損傷
skin injury皮膚損傷
intentional injury[法] 故意傷害
human injury人身事故
chilling injury[植] 寒害，冷害；冷卻損傷
a head/back/knee injury
Several train passengers received/sustained serious injuries in the crash.
在這次火車撞車事故中幾名乘客受了重傷。
Injuries to the spine are common among these workers.
脊椎受傷在這些工人中是很普遍的。
They were lucky to escape (without) injury.
他們很幸運，沒有受傷。
The team captain was forced to withdraw from the match due to injury.
There's a chance of injury in almost any sport.
He suffered awful injuries in the crash.
He was rushed to hospital but died from his injuries.
Three minutes into the match, Jackson limped off the pitch with a serious ankle injury.
to do sb./oneself an injury 弄傷某人／自己
casual ty
noun UK /ˈkæʒ.ju.əl.ti/ US /ˈkæʒ.ju. əl.ti/
casualty board應急堵漏板
mass casualty集體事故
casualty data事故數據
casualty insurance[保險] 災害保險；[保險] 不幸事故保險
casualty effect事故結果
casualty y受傷的人
casualty invstigation事故調查
a person injured or killed in a serious accident or war
（嚴重事故或戰爭中的）傷亡人員
The train was derailed but there were no casualties, police said.
警方稱，火車出軌了，但沒有人員傷亡。
The rebels suffered heavy casualties.
叛亂分子傷亡慘重。
The number of casualties in both wars was appallingly high.
Hospitals are on standby ready to deal with casualties being flown in from the crash site.
They were warned to expect a heavy air attack and therefore many casualties.
George was a casualty in that nasty motorway pile-up last year.
So far, only one casualty has been rescued from the scene of the explosion.
casual
adjective UK /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/ US /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/
Casual clothes are not formal or not suitable for special occasions.
casual clothes
His casual behaviour was wholly inappropriate for such a formal occasion.
His clothes were artfully arranged to look stylishly casual.
Everyone else was in jeans and casual gear and I had my office clothes on - I stuck out like a sore thumb.
casual adjective (NOT INTERESTED)
not taking or not seeming to take much interest
不在意的；不放在心上的；漫不經心的
The psychologist's attitude seemed far too casual, even brutal.
那個心理學家的態度似乎太過冷淡了，甚至有些冷酷。
Security around the conference hotel seemed almost casual.
舉行會議的飯店周圍的安全措施似乎不太嚴格。
Although close to tears, she tried to make her voice sound casual.
儘管都快掉眼淚了，可她還是盡力使自己的聲音聽起來滿不在乎。
casual adjective (TEMPORARY)
C2 [ before noun ]
not regular or fixed
不固定的；不定期的；臨時的
casual labour/labourers/workers
零工／臨時工
casual sex
隨便的性關係
casual adjective (CHANCE)
B2 [ before noun ]
not serious or considered, or done by chance
不經意的，隨意的；碰巧的
It was just a casual comment, I didn't mean it to be taken so seriously.
我只是隨便說說而已，不是當真的。
To a casual observer, everything might appear normal.
對於一個漫不經心的人來說，也許看上去一切正常。
Dis aster
noun [ C or U ]
UK /dɪˈzɑː.stər/ US /dɪˈzæs.tɚ/
natural disaster自然災難，[環境][農] 自然災害
disaster relief賑災；災難援助
recipe for disaster造成災難的因素
environmental disaster環境災難；生態災害，生態災難
meteorological disaster[氣象] 氣象災害
Disaster Zone紐約火山
disaster psychology災害心理學
disaster management災難管理；災備管理
disaster preparedness防災準備狀態
disaster recovery plan災難恢復計劃
social disaster社會災禍
(an event that results in) great harm, damage, or death, or serious difficulty
災難，大禍
An inquiry was ordered into the recent rail disaster (= a serious train accident).
有關方面下令調查最近這次鐵路災難事故。
It would be a disaster for me if I lost my job.
對我而言，如果丟了工作那將是一場災難。
This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.
這是該地區所經歷的最嚴重的自然災害之一。
Heavy and prolonged rain can spell disaster for many plants.
大量持續的降雨會對很多植物造成巨大的危害。
Everything was going smoothly until suddenly disaster struck.
災難突然降臨之前一切進行得都很順利。。
to be very unsuccessful or extremely bad
非常失敗，極為糟糕
The evening was a complete disaster.
那場晚會糟透了。
As an engineer, he was a disaster.
作為工程師，他簡直糟糕透頂。
The destruction of the rain forests is an ecological disaster.
The plane narrowly avoided disaster when one of the engines cut out on take-off.
Let us pray for the victims of this terrible disaster.
News of the disaster shocked the whole world.
Floods and earthquakes are natural disasters.
accident
noun [ C ] UK /ˈæk.sɪ.dənt/ US /ˈæk.sə.dənt/
traffic accident[交] 交通事故
cerebrovascular accident[內科] 腦血管意外（等於中風）；腦血管傷害
vehicle accident交通事故
unexpected accident不能預料的事故
marine accident[水運][安全] 海上事故
car accident車禍；交通事故
road accident[交] 交通事故
personal accident insurance[保險] 個人人身意外傷害保險
accident liability事故易發性
aviation accident航空事故；飛機失事；飛行事故
accident insurance意外保險；[保險] 事故保險
nuclear accident[核][安全] 核事故
fatal accident[勞經] 死亡事故
fire accident[安全] 火災事故；失火
industrial accident[安全] 工傷事故；[安全] 工業事故；勞動事故
accident prevention[安全] 事故預防；[安全] 安全措施
accident rate意外傷害率
by accident偶然；意外地
minor accident輕微事故；小事故
collision accident[安全][交] 碰撞事故；空中相撞事故
air accident[航] 飛行事故；飛行失事
something bad that happens that is not expected or intended and that often damages something or injures someone
意外；不測；事故
Josh had an accident and spilled water all over his work.
喬希不小心把作業上灑得都是水。
She was injured in a car/road accident (= when one car hit another).
她在一宗車禍／交通意外中受傷了。
by accident
without intending to, or without being intended
偶然地，意外地
I deleted the file by accident.
我不小心刪掉了那個檔案。
I found her letter by accident as I was looking through my files.
我在查看我的文件時，意外地發現了她的信。
I was hardly able to move my arm after the accident.
She injured her spine in a riding accident.
Did you leave his name out by accident or was it intentional?
It was an accident - I didn't mean to break it, honestly.
The company refused to accept responsibility for the accident.
· the bad news of the accident discomposed me.
發生事故的壞消息使我心神不定。
· he clewed us in on how the accident happened.
他把事故發生的情況告訴給我們。
· the traffic accident buckled the wheel of his bicycle.
他的自行車輪子在交通事故中弄彎了。
· they blamed the accident on him.
他們把這個意外事故歸咎於他。
· captain cook safely navigated his ship without accident for 100 voyages.
庫克船長駕駛的船安全出航100次無事故。
· weir broke his leg in a freak accident playing golf.
韋爾因為一次打高爾夫時發生的離奇事故折斷了腿。
· this mishap reminded me of a traffic accident i once experienced.
這次不幸事故使我聯想起我過去經歷的一次交通事故。
· his middle son died in a drowning accident five years back.
他排行居中的那個兒子5年前意外溺水身亡。
· steve had told her that he「dbeen in an accident on wednesday night.
史蒂夫已經告訴過她自己周三晚上出了事故。
· she described the accident very carefully.
她非常仔細地描述了事故。
· the accident crippled him for life.
這次意外事故使他終生殘廢。
· this accident affords us a useful lesson.
這個事故為我們提供了有益的教訓。
· the accident is already shaping up as a significant environmental disaster.
這次事故已經造成嚴重的環境災難。
· the accident was caused by carelessness.
事故是由於粗心大意而引起的。
· the police railed the spot where the accident happened.
警察將事故發生的地點用欄桿圍起來。
· the accident again raises questions about the safety of the plant.
這起事故再一次引發了人們對於工廠安全性的質疑。
· it」s not clear whether the incident was an accident or deliberate.
還不清楚這起事件是意外還是蓄意所為。
· the accident determined her against further delay.
這個事故使她決心不再拖延。
· they want any witnesses of the accident to come forward and help them with their inquiries.
他們希望事故的目擊者主動站出來幫助他們調查。
· they charged the accident to the lack of experience.
他們把事故的發生歸咎於缺乏經驗。
· the accident was caused by human error.
這一事故是人為錯誤造成的。
Catas tro phe
noun [ C ] US /kəˈtæs.trə.fi/
a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction
大災難；大災禍
They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.
他們收到警告，生態災難即將來臨。
The flood in Venice was a major catastrophe. 威尼斯的洪水是一場大災難。
a bad situation
困境，不利的局面
The emigration of scientists is a catastrophe for the country.
大量科學家移居國外對這個國家大為不利。
· katrina was not only a tragedy, it was an environmental catastrophe as well.
卡特里娜颶風不僅帶來了一場悲劇，同時它也是一場環境災難。
· but maybe the japanese people could use the experience of this catastrophe to rebuild a society bound together with a renewed trust.
但是，日本人民或許能夠利用這次災難的經驗，重建新的信任約束，形成新的社會共同體。
· that would require either a further catastrophe in the gulf or an unlimited and unprecedented broadening of government fines and private litigation.
要這樣，得需要墨西哥灣發生一場更嚴重的災難，或者政府罰金和個人訴訟前所未有地抬高。
· finally, we hope against hope that we have the courage to ensure that this type of catastrophe can be prevented or mitigated.
最后，我們還是抱有一線希望，希望我們有勇氣保證能夠預防或者減輕這樣的大災難。
· shipwreck is a catastrophe for those involved, but for historians and archaeologists of future generations it is an opportunity.
沉船雖然是一個災難，但是對於未來的歷史學家和考古學家來說卻是一種機遇。
· a shipwreck is a catastrophe for those involved, but for historians and archaeologists of future generations it is an opportunity.
沉船雖然是一個災難，但是對於未來的歷史學家和考古學家來說卻是一種機遇。
· every one feels that a disaster is imminent, as if a catastrophe is about to come.
誰都感到大事不好，似乎有什么極大的災難即將來臨。
· they have met this terrible catastrophe with seemingly boundless strength and character in defense of their way of life.
面對巨大的災難他們表現出的是為保衛家園和生活的無限力量和不屈的品質。
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