https://www.mintnotion.com/travel/barcelona-travel-tips/

complimentary items

beyond retrieval

a food additive

https://www.worldofchemicals.com/401/chemistry-articles/food-additives.html

https://www.japanlivingguide.net/dailylife/food/foodadditives/

on short ration

for sustenance

discrepancy between

in concealment

a repository of information

a lie detector

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45736631

debate

noun [ C or U ]

UK  /dɪˈbeɪt/ US  /dɪˈbeɪt/

B2

(a) serious discussion of a subject in which many people take part

談論，討論；爭論，辯論

Education is the current focus of public debate.

教育是目前大眾談論的焦點。

How we proceed from here is a matter for debate.

我們還需要討論下一步該怎樣做。

Over the year we have had several debates about future policy.

一年來，我們就未來的政策進行了幾次討論。

 更多範例

The debate completely changed course after Liz made her speech.

The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation.

She issued a challenge to her rival candidates to take part in a public debate.

The prison riots have sharpened the debate about how prisons should be run.

This proposal will almost certainly spark another countrywide debate about how to organize the school system.

debate

verb

UK  /dɪˈbeɪt/ US  /dɪˈbeɪt/

C2 [ I or T ]

to discuss a subject in a formal way

討論；爭論

In Parliament today, MPs debated the Finance Bill.

今天在議會上議員們討論了財政法案。

They had been debating for several hours without reaching a conclusion.

他們已經爭論了好幾個小時，仍然沒有得出一個結論。

[ + question word ] The authorities debated whether to build a new car park.

政府有關部門就是否要修建一座新停車場進行了討論。

[ T ]

to try to make a decision about something

斟酌；考慮

[ + question word ] We debated whether to take the earlier train.

我們考慮到底要不要乘早一點的那班列車。

I'm still debating what colour to paint the walls.

我還在考慮要把牆刷成甚麼顏色。

pervasive influence

reliant on computers

substantive information

utilitarian value

injurious to health

spiritual awakening

a blinding flash

inflammatory comments

an intriguing

Transfer轉交

字首trans-是across「跨越」，-fer則是「承受」，英文解釋為「move from one place to another」。因此要表達轉乘交通工具時可以用這個字，而多益聽力部分也常會有轉乘公車或捷運等對話。例句：If you want to get to the museum, you need to transfer to Line Blue.（如果你到博物館，就必須要轉乘藍線。）

另外，transfer也有「to make over the possession or control of」之意，也就是轉移擁有權（轉交權力）。例句：The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from U.K to China took place on 1 July 1997.（1997年7月1日香港主權從英國轉交到中國。）

在多益人事與組織情境中，transfer還可以當作「調職；遷移（v. n.）」。例句：Although she has been transferred to Hong Kong, Ms. Xi and her former colleagues remain in contact.（雖然調職到香港，席小姐仍跟以前同事保持聯繫。）

與transfer相關的單字還有transferable（adj.），為「可轉交的」，例如多益考題曾出現的non-transferable tickets不得轉讓的票券（某些廉價機票不得轉讓）。※字首non-是否定字首；名詞變化transferability（n.）可轉讓性。

Transform 轉變

如同transfer，這個字也是由trans-字首加上form（形體或形式），英文解釋為「change the outward form or appearance of」，改變外在形體或外表，也有改變性格或是狀態的意思。

近年好萊塢大片《變形金剛》的英文就是Transformers，相信讀者對可以隨意變換外在形體的機器人並不陌生。（-er字尾就是名詞，可指人或某件物品。）

Transform的名詞變化是transformation，是較為抽象的轉變。例句：Business also has a crucial role to play in driving the clean energy transformation.（商業在驅使乾淨能源轉變上也扮演著重要的角色。）

至於形容詞變化則有transformative（轉變的）和transformable。由於字尾-able是「能夠…」，所以中文意思為「可以轉變的」。例句：It is now a transformable standing/seating two-tier stand.（現在這是個可站可坐的可轉變式兩層台）。

convertible currency

convertible

adjective

UK  /kənˈvɜː.tə.bəl/ US  /kənˈvɝː.t̬ə.bəl/

able to be arranged in a different way and used for a different purpose

可改變的，可轉變的

a convertible sofa bed

折疊沙發床

FINANCE & ECONOMICS   specialized

used to refer to a type of money that can be easily exchanged into other types of money

（貨幣）可兌換的

a convertible currency/bond

可兌換貨幣／債券

What Is a Convertible Currency?

A convertible currency is any nation's legal tender that can be easily bought or sold on the foreign exchange market with little to no restrictions. A convertible currency is a highly liquid instrument as compared with currencies that are tightly controlled by a government's central bank or other regulating authority.

A convertible currency is often referred to as a hard currency.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

A convertible currency or hard currency is a currency that can be traded on forex markets with little to no restrictions.

A convertible currency is a reliable store of value, meaning an investor will have no trouble buying and selling the currency.

Some common fully convertible currencies include the U.S. dollar, Euro, Japanese Yen, and the British pound.

How a Convertible Currency Works

There are hundreds of fiat currencies around the world, however, some are more stable and liquid than others. Fully convertible currencies are those typically backed by nations that are economically and politically stable. For example, the most tradable currencies in the world are, in order, the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese Yen, and the British pound.

1

 Convertible currencies are useful to forex investors because they can be confident these currencies' prices are relatively stable in the short term.

The level of convertibility of a nation's currency is also an important concept in the field of international trade. For example, a company would much rather do business in a nation whose currency has a high level of convertibility so it can protect itself from paying unexpected fees or jumping through regulatory hoops. Dealing with a fully convertible currency allows companies to do business across borders with confidence and gives them access to transparent pricing. Also, a convertible currency is more liquid, which reduces volatility. 

On the other hand, developing countries or those with more authoritative governments are more likely to place restrictions on the exchange of their currency with another. Currencies from these countries are typically less stable and may come from economies with high inflation rates. Non-convertible currencies are also more illiquid.

Types of Convertible Currencies

Fully Convertible

Perhaps because major fiat currencies are no longer tied to the gold standard, the popularity of foreign exchange trading has increased in recent years. However, for the most part, currencies such as the U.S., Canadian, and Australian dollar, along with the Japanese Yen, Euro, and British pound still account for the vast majority of trading.

One major advantage of the U.S. dollar is that central banks hold it as their main reserve. Furthermore, a number of asset classes are denominated in U.S. dollars, meaning payments and settlements are made in U.S. dollars.

Partially Convertible

Currencies such as the South Korean won and Chinese Yuan are known as partially convertible currencies. A partially convertible currency is the legal tender of a country that is traded in low volumes in the global foreign exchange market. The governments of these countries place capital controls that limit the amount of currency that can exit or enter the country.

Non-convertible

Nearly all countries have currencies that are at some level at least partially convertible. However, currencies such as the Brazilian real, Argentinian peso, and Chilean peso are considered non-convertible because it is virtually impossible to convert them into another legal tender, except in limited amounts on the black market.

Convertible Virtual Currency

The rise in popularity of cryptocurrencies in recent years has brought about yet another term: convertible virtual currency. This refers to digital currencies such as bitcoin, Ether, and Ripple, which are unregulated but can be used as a substitute for real and legally recognized currency even though they do not have the status of legal tender.

a homely student

unparalleled beauty (無與倫比  不可思議)

unparalleled

adjective   formal

UK  /ʌnˈpær.əl.eld/ US  /ʌnˈper.əl.eld/

having no equal; better or greater than any other

無雙的，無比的；空前的

They enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous rock band.

他們取得了以前任何搖滾樂隊都無法比擬的成功。

parallel

adjective

UK  /ˈpær.ə.lel/ US  /ˈper.ə.lel/

parallel adjective (POSITION)

If two or more lines, streets, etc. are parallel, the distance between them is the same all along their length.

平行的

Draw a pair of parallel lines.

畫兩條平行線。

Hills Road is parallel to Mill Road.

希爾斯路和米爾路平行。

 More examples

The two roads are parallel.

The river is parallel to Green Street.

benevolent institution

https://www.acnc.gov.au/tools/factsheets/public-benevolent-institutions

benevolent

adjective

UK  /bəˈnev.əl.ənt/ US  /bəˈnev.əl.ənt/

kind and helpful

仁慈的，慈善的

He was a benevolent old man and wouldn't hurt a fly.

他是個仁慈的老人，連一隻蒼蠅都不願傷害。

a facile explanation

facile

adjective

UK  /ˈfæs.aɪl/ US  /ˈfæs.əl/

A facile remark or theory is too simple and has not been thought about enough.

（言語或理論）輕率的，未經深思熟慮的

a facile explanation

信口開河的解釋

We must avoid facile recriminations about who was to blame.

我們必須避免隨意指責、怪罪別人。

a feasible goal

adjective

UK  /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/ US  /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/

C1

able to be made, done, or achieved

可行的；行得通的；做得到的

With the extra resources, the project now seems feasible.

有了額外的資源，這個計劃現在看來是可行的。

[ + to infinitive ] It may be feasible to clone human beings, but is it ethical?

複製人類也許可以做到，但是這合乎道德嗎？

invariable principle

invariable

adjective   formal

UK  /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/ US  /ɪnˈver.i.ə.bəl/

staying the same and never changing

不變的，始終如一的

Michael's invariable reaction was anger and a reluctance to try anything new.

邁克爾的反應始終是憤怒和不願意嘗試新事物。

In spector Gadget (卡通 偵查員)

pertinent evidence

pertinent

adjective   formal

UK  /ˈpɜː.tɪ.nənt/ US  /ˈpɝː.tən.ənt/

relating directly to the subject being considered

有關的

a pertinent question/remark

切中要害的問題／評論

Chapter One is pertinent to the post-war period.

第一章講述的是戰後時期。

become superfluous

superfluous

adjective

UK  /suːˈpɜː.flu.əs/ US  /suːˈpɝː.flu.əs/

C2

more than is needed or wanted

過多的，多餘的，過剩的

The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail.

這篇報告壞就壞在裡面細枝末節的東西太多。