2010-07-13 07:45:20晨曦

世界唯一的不死生命:燈塔水母

長生不老不再是天方夜譚!科學家發現,一種名叫“燈塔水母”的海洋生物,
天生具有“返老還童”的 能力,或許是世界上唯一不會死亡的生物。

英國 《泰晤士報》報道,一般的水母通常會在繁殖下一代後死亡,
但有一種水母在達到性成熟階段之後,又會重新回到年輕階段,開始另一次生命。
這種能使自己返老還 童的神奇生物,叫燈塔水母(Turritopsis nutricula)。

不死生物 燈塔水母 燈塔水母的直徑只有4至5毫米,屬於水螅蟲綱,
它們是捕食性生物,可以從水螅體無性繁殖,
是目前 唯一已知的能夠從性成熟階段回復到的幼蟲階段的生物。
從理論上說,這個循環可以不斷重復下去,也就是說,燈塔水母可以永遠存活,無需面對死亡。

曾經有一位 研究燈塔水母的科學家觀察了4000 條燈塔水母,
確認它們全部都能返老還童,沒有一條死亡。 不死生物 燈塔水母 燈塔水母在熱帶海域生存,
不過科學家相信, 它們會隨著被排放到港口的船舶壓載水散佈到世界各地。

不死生物 燈塔水母 燈 塔水母究竟是 如何逆轉老化過程的?
這是海洋生物學家和遺傳學家正在重點研究的課題。
科學家們認為,燈塔水母“返老還童”是通過細胞的轉分化過程實現的。
在這個過程中, 細胞從一個類型轉變為另一個類型。
這種細胞功能的轉化,通常會在器官再生的情況下出現,
然而,對於燈塔水母來說,這個過程似乎是其生命週期中的常態。


The turritopsis nutricula species of jellyfish may be the only animal in the world to have truly discovered the fountain of youth.

Since it is capable of cycling from a mature adult stage to an immature polyp stage and back again, there may be no natural limit to its life span. Scientists say the hydrozoan jellyfish is the only known animal that can repeatedly turn back the hands of time and revert to its polyp state (its first stage of life).

The key lies in a process called transdifferentiation, where one type of cell is transformed into another type of cell. Some animals can undergo limited transdifferentiation and regenerate organs, such as salamanders, which can regrow limbs. Turritopsi nutricula, on the other hand, can regenerate its entire body over and over again. Researchers are studying the jellyfish to discover how it is able to reverse its aging process.

Because they are able to bypass death, the number of individuals is spiking. They're now found in oceans around the globe rather than just in their native Caribbean waters.  "We are looking at a worldwide silent invation," says Dr. Maria Miglietta of the Smithsonian Tropical Marine Institute.