2024-01-26 08:47:32小鳳

銀髮經濟

銀髮經濟

/林玉鳳

    隨着人口老齡化,“銀髮經濟”成為了近幾年社會討論的熱點。最近國務院發佈了《關於發展銀髮經濟增進老年人福祉的意見》,對日後國家的銀髮經濟發展,作了較為全面的規劃和部署,從“擴大老年助餐送餐服務”、“完善養老照護服務”這類最貼近長者需要的民生福利事業,到諸如推動各類銀髮經濟企業品牌化發展、推進銀髮經濟產業園區等的產業產品供給、產業集群發展,再到培育具潛力的銀髮產業如智慧養老、抗衰老產業、拓展老年旅遊等,不單從養老服務着眼,而是通過適當的市場化、產業化,使養老、護老乃至適老服務都能夠納入可持續、自我驅動優化的發展之中。規劃不再僅僅以老人福利的角度面對人口老化的問題,目標是創造相對自給自足的銀髮經濟,甚至是創造出新的增長點,“以老帶新”。

    “銀髮經濟”,是指65歲以上老年人口在消費市場中所佔的比重日益增加。隨著壽命延長和生育率下降,各國政府和地方政策制定者面臨著前所未有的挑戰:如何實現銀髮經濟的自給自足,既保障老年人的福祉,又不過度負擔下一代?日本作為世界上老齡化最嚴重的國家之一,通過推行“活躍老年”政策,鼓勵老年人參與社會活動,並提供長者就業支持,以實現老年人口的經濟自給。北歐國家普遍通過高稅收和高福利的模式,為老年人提供全面的社會保障,從健康照護到長期護理服務,確保老年人的生活質量。這種模式的挑戰在於維持高稅收的同時,保證經濟的競爭力和活力。美國依賴的是私人退休儲蓄和投資計劃,以及政府提供的社會保障金,來保障老年人的經濟安全。澳門要如何部署,其實也需要有更詳細的規劃了。

: 原載2024126日力副刊議事論政」專欄

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