2010-12-28 03:52:46frank
廣大的市場較能吸引人才－－兩岸的人才競爭
兩岸的人才競爭，這議題近年來每隔一陣子就會被拿出來討論一下，電子媒體或是平面媒體也都做了專題探討。因為地理、歷史、種族或語言的關係，台灣的人才受到中國吸引。從經濟因素其實很好理解－－一個較大的市場當然能提供更多的機會與報酬。如果中國的姚明和台灣的王建民都沒有去美國，他們能有如此高的收入嗎？
前幾天在經濟學人上看到一篇預言，說中國可望在2027年取代美國，成為全球最大的經濟體。我想：對有著十三億人口的中國而言，成為世界最大的經濟體只是遲早的事。看看美國經濟發展，與其大企業成長的歷史，我們幾乎可以預見未來中國會有許多強大的企業，中國的喜好與傳統也會漸漸的為世界所接受。該預言並說到，未來的中國將會愈來愈像今日的美國，而未來的美國也會變得較像今日的中國，是偏有趣的文章。
美商往往認為美國就是全世界。以前總認為那是美國人的自大與無知，但是工作幾年後卻發現，這種自大的態度其實是反映著事實：美國是全世界最大的市場，在美國成功後，其他的市場的成績都可以說是額外的紅利(bonus)罷了。未來中國的企業也可能會有這種心態，雖然中國的國家形像與富裕和美好的生活還有段距離。但是一旦在中國市場成功後，其他的市場的收益實際上也就是額外的紅利了。
中國這麼大的市場誘因怎麼不吸引人呢？況且對台灣人而言，中國的進入障礙不高。下面一篇紐約時報的報導，是關於法國的人才不斷的受美國吸引，而離開法國前往新大陸去闖天下的報導。所以說「兩岸的人才競爭」這個問題不僅僅發生在台灣海峽兩岸，也同樣發生在大西洋兩岸，與地中海兩岸；歐洲的菁英受到美國的吸引，而北非的精英也受到歐洲的吸引。
November 21, 2010
French Professors Find Life in U.S. Hard to Resist
By MAÏA DE LA BAUME
PARIS — Academics are increasingly leaving France for the United States, which carries the risk of a “brain drain” in France, according to a report this month by an independent study group.
The report, by the Institut Montaigne, a leading independent research group in Paris, found that academics constitute a much larger percentage of French émigrés to the United States today than 30 years ago. According to the report, between 1971 and 1980, academics represented just 8 percent of the departing population; between 1996 and 2006, they represented 27 percent of the departing population.
“The acceleration of French scientific emigration to the United States is recent and worrisome,” said the report, called “Gone for good? The expatriates of French higher education in the United States.”
Of the 2,745 French citizens who obtained a doctorate in the United States from 1985 to 2008, 70 percent settled there, the study found.
The number of French scientists who leave France for the United States remains limited, but the exodus of the country’s most talented scientists could hurt the economy, the report suggested.
“Those who leave France are the best, the most prolific and the best integrated on an international scale,” said the report, which surveyed about a hundred French researchers and professors who studied in France’s top universities and elite schools like the École Normale Supérieure and the École Polytechnique.
Many of France’s best biologists and economists can now be found in the United States. According to a study in 2007 by the École des Mines that looked at the 100 best economists in the world, according to the amount of their work published from 1990 and 2000, four of the six top French researchers in economics had left France for the United States.
“Biology and economics are poorly recognized in France,” said Thomas Philippon, a French economist who began teaching finance at New York University Stern School of Business in 2003. “But the problem also comes from the fact that the French labor market doesn’t value Ph.D. theses.”
The Institut Montaigne study concluded that, for the most talented French economics students, studies in the United States are an “obligatory step” toward a doctorate.
Two of France’s best-known economists teach in the United States at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and obtained their doctorates there. One of them, Olivier Blanchard, is also the chief economist at the International Monetary Fund. The other economist, Esther Duflo, received the John Bates Clark Medal in 2010, which is one of most prestigious awards in economics. Dr. Duflo was granted tenure at 29 years old, making her one of the youngest professors to receive tenure at the university.
The emigrant trend is more recent among French biologists, but their numbers have grown significantly. “Biology is an extremely competitive field,” said Gérard Karsenty, a professor of genetics and and development at Columbia University in New York.
“The notion of competition, the acceptance of competition is more in harmony with the American culture than the French and Latin one,” he added.
The brain drain in French academia has been observed in other arenas, as well. The field of musical composition, for example has been hurt by the trend, and composers are few, training offers scarce and jobs rare. “We are in the process of killing contemporary music in France,” said an unidentified composer cited in the report.
Today, many French academics working in the United States say their choice to leave their country was largely motivated by an American system “where universities are larger, richer and more flexible than in France,” said Dr. Philippon, the professor at New York University.
Mr. Karsenty, the biologist, said: “Scientific education in the U.S. embraces the philosophy of science, which is a solitary and competitive field.”
The French lifestyle, which puts a higher value on quality of living and less emphasis on competition and getting ahead, is no longer sufficient to keep talented researchers in France, many scientists said. In a country where science is often viewed as cut off from society, French universities do little to glorify their researchers, they said, and offer working conditions that are often mediocre.
“The freedom that academics garner in France is invaluable,” said Rava da Silveira, a physicist who teaches neuroscience at the École Normale Supérieure and collaborates with researchers at Princeton, Harvard, and Stanford, “but with it comes a deplorable waste of talent. People interact much less through informal discussions, and there is little team spirit or consultation, in particular between faculty and students.”
Upon moving to France after nine years in the United States, Dr. da Silveira said, his salary was cut by about two-thirds.
Like many other researchers, he agreed that the rigidity of the French higher education system and a lack of financing, infrastructure and administrative help have prevented France’s scientific talents from reaching their full potential in France.
For Pierre-André Chiappori, a professor of economics at Columbia who is mentioned in the report, the American model is unique, and U.S. universities are havens of knowledge, the likes of which cannot be found in France.
“If the United States attracts some of the best researchers in France, it is also true that a lot of them become better in the United States,” Dr. Chiappori was quoted as saying. “My only regret, in that matter, is that I should have come earlier.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/world/europe/22iht-educSide22.html
中文節錄翻譯：http://search.nioerar.edu.tw/edu_message/data_image/DC/2010/0074C.PDF
The story was taken from The New York Times, which is not involved with nor endorses the production of this blog. The copyright remains with The New York Times Comapny and the author.
The Forbidden City, Beijing, China taken by Frank 2005.8.17
前幾天在經濟學人上看到一篇預言，說中國可望在2027年取代美國，成為全球最大的經濟體。我想：對有著十三億人口的中國而言，成為世界最大的經濟體只是遲早的事。看看美國經濟發展，與其大企業成長的歷史，我們幾乎可以預見未來中國會有許多強大的企業，中國的喜好與傳統也會漸漸的為世界所接受。該預言並說到，未來的中國將會愈來愈像今日的美國，而未來的美國也會變得較像今日的中國，是偏有趣的文章。
美商往往認為美國就是全世界。以前總認為那是美國人的自大與無知，但是工作幾年後卻發現，這種自大的態度其實是反映著事實：美國是全世界最大的市場，在美國成功後，其他的市場的成績都可以說是額外的紅利(bonus)罷了。未來中國的企業也可能會有這種心態，雖然中國的國家形像與富裕和美好的生活還有段距離。但是一旦在中國市場成功後，其他的市場的收益實際上也就是額外的紅利了。
中國這麼大的市場誘因怎麼不吸引人呢？況且對台灣人而言，中國的進入障礙不高。下面一篇紐約時報的報導，是關於法國的人才不斷的受美國吸引，而離開法國前往新大陸去闖天下的報導。所以說「兩岸的人才競爭」這個問題不僅僅發生在台灣海峽兩岸，也同樣發生在大西洋兩岸，與地中海兩岸；歐洲的菁英受到美國的吸引，而北非的精英也受到歐洲的吸引。
November 21, 2010
French Professors Find Life in U.S. Hard to Resist
By MAÏA DE LA BAUME
PARIS — Academics are increasingly leaving France for the United States, which carries the risk of a “brain drain” in France, according to a report this month by an independent study group.
The report, by the Institut Montaigne, a leading independent research group in Paris, found that academics constitute a much larger percentage of French émigrés to the United States today than 30 years ago. According to the report, between 1971 and 1980, academics represented just 8 percent of the departing population; between 1996 and 2006, they represented 27 percent of the departing population.
“The acceleration of French scientific emigration to the United States is recent and worrisome,” said the report, called “Gone for good? The expatriates of French higher education in the United States.”
Of the 2,745 French citizens who obtained a doctorate in the United States from 1985 to 2008, 70 percent settled there, the study found.
The number of French scientists who leave France for the United States remains limited, but the exodus of the country’s most talented scientists could hurt the economy, the report suggested.
“Those who leave France are the best, the most prolific and the best integrated on an international scale,” said the report, which surveyed about a hundred French researchers and professors who studied in France’s top universities and elite schools like the École Normale Supérieure and the École Polytechnique.
Many of France’s best biologists and economists can now be found in the United States. According to a study in 2007 by the École des Mines that looked at the 100 best economists in the world, according to the amount of their work published from 1990 and 2000, four of the six top French researchers in economics had left France for the United States.
“Biology and economics are poorly recognized in France,” said Thomas Philippon, a French economist who began teaching finance at New York University Stern School of Business in 2003. “But the problem also comes from the fact that the French labor market doesn’t value Ph.D. theses.”
The Institut Montaigne study concluded that, for the most talented French economics students, studies in the United States are an “obligatory step” toward a doctorate.
Two of France’s best-known economists teach in the United States at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and obtained their doctorates there. One of them, Olivier Blanchard, is also the chief economist at the International Monetary Fund. The other economist, Esther Duflo, received the John Bates Clark Medal in 2010, which is one of most prestigious awards in economics. Dr. Duflo was granted tenure at 29 years old, making her one of the youngest professors to receive tenure at the university.
The emigrant trend is more recent among French biologists, but their numbers have grown significantly. “Biology is an extremely competitive field,” said Gérard Karsenty, a professor of genetics and and development at Columbia University in New York.
“The notion of competition, the acceptance of competition is more in harmony with the American culture than the French and Latin one,” he added.
The brain drain in French academia has been observed in other arenas, as well. The field of musical composition, for example has been hurt by the trend, and composers are few, training offers scarce and jobs rare. “We are in the process of killing contemporary music in France,” said an unidentified composer cited in the report.
Today, many French academics working in the United States say their choice to leave their country was largely motivated by an American system “where universities are larger, richer and more flexible than in France,” said Dr. Philippon, the professor at New York University.
Mr. Karsenty, the biologist, said: “Scientific education in the U.S. embraces the philosophy of science, which is a solitary and competitive field.”
The French lifestyle, which puts a higher value on quality of living and less emphasis on competition and getting ahead, is no longer sufficient to keep talented researchers in France, many scientists said. In a country where science is often viewed as cut off from society, French universities do little to glorify their researchers, they said, and offer working conditions that are often mediocre.
“The freedom that academics garner in France is invaluable,” said Rava da Silveira, a physicist who teaches neuroscience at the École Normale Supérieure and collaborates with researchers at Princeton, Harvard, and Stanford, “but with it comes a deplorable waste of talent. People interact much less through informal discussions, and there is little team spirit or consultation, in particular between faculty and students.”
Upon moving to France after nine years in the United States, Dr. da Silveira said, his salary was cut by about two-thirds.
Like many other researchers, he agreed that the rigidity of the French higher education system and a lack of financing, infrastructure and administrative help have prevented France’s scientific talents from reaching their full potential in France.
For Pierre-André Chiappori, a professor of economics at Columbia who is mentioned in the report, the American model is unique, and U.S. universities are havens of knowledge, the likes of which cannot be found in France.
“If the United States attracts some of the best researchers in France, it is also true that a lot of them become better in the United States,” Dr. Chiappori was quoted as saying. “My only regret, in that matter, is that I should have come earlier.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/world/europe/22iht-educSide22.html
中文節錄翻譯：http://search.nioerar.edu.tw/edu_message/data_image/DC/2010/0074C.PDF
The story was taken from The New York Times, which is not involved with nor endorses the production of this blog. The copyright remains with The New York Times Comapny and the author.
The Forbidden City, Beijing, China taken by Frank 2005.8.17
能有優秀人才注溢,必然是好事,也是國家社會之福.
但我的疑問是:
台灣人能不能經得起如此激烈的競爭?(我總覺得很多台灣人的工作態度過於馬虎!)
如果有很多公司像Acer一樣引進國外的CEO,或者中高階主管都是外國人,這些公司原不是外商,但卻外商化,是好還是不好?
版主回應
蘭奇為Acer打開歐洲市場，成為歐洲許多國家的第一品牌，擔任CEO以後又取代Dell成為世界第二大品牌。Acer因為一個外籍CEO使產品賣得更好，所增加的業務量要增聘多少工程師,業務人員,會計,物流...的人員呢?Benq買下Siemens手機部門,結果經營不下去，雖然把外國公司變成台灣公司，結果卻是連台灣相關的部門也收了起來，又減少了多少工作機會呢? 秦始皇也是靠客卿之助才消滅六國, 取得天下。秦國人雖然沒做丞相（商鞅是衛人，李斯是楚人），但是卻多了很多地方官的職缺。其他被滅的六國即便用了自己國家的人擔任丞相，最後被秦所滅，日子也不會好到哪去。現在世界是平的，競爭很激烈。想固守自己一小塊市場也不容易。日本的電信就是很好的例子，因其系統優越，且獨一無二，以致世界上其他國家的手機業者幾乎無法在日本立足，但是同樣的，以消費家電見長的日本公司，也缺乏國際競爭力，除了與Ericsson合併的Sony外,在世界市場上的能見度都很低。
競爭是無可避免的。無論是用政治手段，或技術手段（日本的手機）撐起的保護傘，都不是長久之計。 2011-01-01 16:43:11
如果有一天,台灣吸引世界的人才...
(那時台灣的人會很慘)
版主回應
這種想法有點反進步。如果全世界的能人都來台灣，創業也好，工作也好，基本是對台灣人有利的。(當然政府的租稅制度必須公平，不能像現在，國家有72%的稅收來自薪資所得者。)這麼想吧:如果比爾蓋茲來台灣,他一年賺50億美元,政府只課一成的稅,也有5億美元。馬上就補了大半財政的漏洞了。不必開上幾十萬張交通罰單。更別提所創造的就業機會，以及服務的需求了。
2011-01-01 01:36:08
謝謝您詳細的回覆.
因為之前看到一篇報導,提到蘭奇目前因為聲勢高漲,以致於後來管理上有很多爭議性,所以才會有些疑問.
我相信如果台灣有世界各地的優秀人才來效力,是很令人興奮的.但無知的我還是有點擔心會被淹沒(如果很多領導人沒有秦始皇的能力...)
acer曾有過一位劉英武總經理，台裔美人，結果acer賠了一大堆錢，被迫賣掉台北市民生東路的辦公大樓，所有員工搬到龍潭上班，也有部分人被裁掉。劉先生曾任IBM的副總，也有很多有爭議的決策，如果有興趣，網路上或許可以找到一些資料。
正如我所強調的，商業裡沒有太多浪漫的。從全世界IT產業裡找一個優秀的台灣人出任總經理，多好！但是事實卻是殘酷的－－在優秀的劉總經理領導下，acer差點就倒閉了。我也不知蘭奇是如何受爭議，但事實上蘭奇領導的acer的確穩定成長。
紹昀，對於競爭，似乎只有面對或選擇自給自足的生活，但是我想後者可能比面對競爭還要困難，當然如果你家裡還有些土地或是田就不是那麼難了。 2011-01-01 22:26:10