2009-06-01 23:37:56frank
[以音聲求] 氣候變易使得鳥的鳴叫更複雜
對嘲鶇(mockingbird 仿聲鳥、反舌鳥，產於北美南部,能模仿別種鳥的叫聲)的研究發現：在氣候變異較大的地區，它的鳴叫的旋律也較多變化，而母鳥也較喜歡鳴叫技巧較好的公鳥。因為這種「歌唱」技巧是學習而得的，所以這似乎也顯示了嘲鶇的智能。
人類也是喜歡歌唱技巧較好的人，看看那些歌星就知道了。
「若以色見我，以音聲求我，是人行邪道，不能見如來。」要有何等的修為與智慧才能建構不被色相或音聲所惑的生命觀點呢？
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8062420.stm
Page last updated at 09:36 GMT, Monday, 25 May 2009 10:36 UK
Climate link to mockingbird songs
By Victoria Gill / Science reporter, BBC News
The tropical mockingbird's elaborate tune puts the brown trembler mockingbird to shame
Unpredictable weather seems to stimulate chatter among birds - as well as humans - according to researchers.
[註] Mockingbird 嘲鶇(仿聲鳥、反舌鳥)產於北美南部,能模仿別種鳥的叫聲
A team of US scientists has found that mockingbirds living in variable climates sing more elaborate songs.
Complex tunes, sung by males to impress females, are likely to signal the birds' intelligence.
Published in Current Biology, the findings suggest that females seek mates with superior singing skills - smart enough to survive harsh climes.
Carlos Botero, a researcher from the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in North Carolina, led the study.
He and his colleagues compared recordings of 29 species of mockingbird, studying patterns in their songs including the number of different notes, the number of syllables and the birds' abilities to mimic other sounds.
His team then compared weather patterns in the birds' habitats with the patterns in the songs.
Dr Botero told BBC News that it was "very exciting" to see a strong correlation between song complexity and climate.
"The birds are not born knowing how to sing; they have to learn," he explained. The fact that the males sing more variable tunes in a more variable climate could demonstrate the "sexual selection of intelligence".
This means that females may be looking for a tuneful signal that their prospective partner is a good catch.
St Lucia's white breasted thrasher sings a simple song
[註] 已瀕臨絕種的白腹嘲鶇（White-breasted Thrasher）
Singing challenge
Local climate patterns are good indicators of how challenging life is in a given location, Dr Botero explained.
"Survival and reproduction become more complicated when weather patterns are unpredictable because you don't know when food will be available or how long it will be around.
"In really difficult or demanding environments you would expect females to be choosier."
He added that researchers might be able to use this simple, measurable behaviour in the birds, to provide clues about the evolution of important human developments such as language, music and art.
Sandra Vehrencamp from Cornell University, who was also involved in the study said that, to fully test this explanation, the team would need to design an intelligence test for the male birds, and examine their relative breeding success.
During the course of the study, Dr Botero embarked on a solitary month-long tour of South America, seeking out elusive birds and recording their songs.
Thanks to his expedition, some key gaps in the library of birdsong at Cornell University, where he was based during the study, are now filled.
"I had to try to visit as many different countries as possible at exactly the right time - when the birds were breeding," he said, adding that some of the remote locations he visited were like "mockingbird paradise".
The story is adapted from BBC News at above-mentioned URL. The copyright belongs to its original owner and BBC is not involved with, nor endorses the production of this blog.
人類也是喜歡歌唱技巧較好的人，看看那些歌星就知道了。
「若以色見我，以音聲求我，是人行邪道，不能見如來。」要有何等的修為與智慧才能建構不被色相或音聲所惑的生命觀點呢？
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8062420.stm
Page last updated at 09:36 GMT, Monday, 25 May 2009 10:36 UK
Climate link to mockingbird songs
By Victoria Gill / Science reporter, BBC News
The tropical mockingbird's elaborate tune puts the brown trembler mockingbird to shame
Unpredictable weather seems to stimulate chatter among birds - as well as humans - according to researchers.
[註] Mockingbird 嘲鶇(仿聲鳥、反舌鳥)產於北美南部,能模仿別種鳥的叫聲
A team of US scientists has found that mockingbirds living in variable climates sing more elaborate songs.
Complex tunes, sung by males to impress females, are likely to signal the birds' intelligence.
Published in Current Biology, the findings suggest that females seek mates with superior singing skills - smart enough to survive harsh climes.
Carlos Botero, a researcher from the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in North Carolina, led the study.
He and his colleagues compared recordings of 29 species of mockingbird, studying patterns in their songs including the number of different notes, the number of syllables and the birds' abilities to mimic other sounds.
His team then compared weather patterns in the birds' habitats with the patterns in the songs.
Dr Botero told BBC News that it was "very exciting" to see a strong correlation between song complexity and climate.
"The birds are not born knowing how to sing; they have to learn," he explained. The fact that the males sing more variable tunes in a more variable climate could demonstrate the "sexual selection of intelligence".
This means that females may be looking for a tuneful signal that their prospective partner is a good catch.
St Lucia's white breasted thrasher sings a simple song
[註] 已瀕臨絕種的白腹嘲鶇（White-breasted Thrasher）
Singing challenge
Local climate patterns are good indicators of how challenging life is in a given location, Dr Botero explained.
"Survival and reproduction become more complicated when weather patterns are unpredictable because you don't know when food will be available or how long it will be around.
"In really difficult or demanding environments you would expect females to be choosier."
He added that researchers might be able to use this simple, measurable behaviour in the birds, to provide clues about the evolution of important human developments such as language, music and art.
Sandra Vehrencamp from Cornell University, who was also involved in the study said that, to fully test this explanation, the team would need to design an intelligence test for the male birds, and examine their relative breeding success.
During the course of the study, Dr Botero embarked on a solitary month-long tour of South America, seeking out elusive birds and recording their songs.
Thanks to his expedition, some key gaps in the library of birdsong at Cornell University, where he was based during the study, are now filled.
"I had to try to visit as many different countries as possible at exactly the right time - when the birds were breeding," he said, adding that some of the remote locations he visited were like "mockingbird paradise".
The story is adapted from BBC News at above-mentioned URL. The copyright belongs to its original owner and BBC is not involved with, nor endorses the production of this blog.
上一篇：[鳥] 賞鳥的工具
「若以色見我，以音聲求我，是人行邪道，不能見如來。」要有何等的修為與智慧才能建構不被色相或音聲所惑的生命觀點呢？
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好深的一段話呀^^
每種動物都有牠們對話與表答的聲音音調與口氣喔!
小呆曾經在公司時中午休息..聽到窗外有二隻貓在吵架...真的能聽出來他們在吵架喔!
因為語氣與音調都不同...雖然還是喵喵叫啦^^
在小呆認為....欣賞美的聲音是自然的反應
而學習欣賞中不執著吧^^...
版主回應
「無為故無敗，無執故無失」是吧？老子智慧高深，即使章句朗朗上口，卻也不知怎做。我或許是中了儒家的毒太深了！
2009-06-02 15:07:29
呵....開始先從朗朗上口起步
慢慢將這些高深的智慧用於生活中體於現實裡
有一天...在自然的當下就會發現自己從平凡中走到了不平凡...
這就是老子的智慧...也是高深的所在吧!