2005-06-10 16:56:23齊格飛

2005-05-09 省思雜記

5月9日 省思雜記-記憶術教學模式(Memorization: getting the facts straight)

壹、上課內容摘述:
一、記憶術教學模式是由Pressley、Levin與其同僚所共同發起,其目標是增進學習能力、節省時間和導致對資訊更好的庫存。
二、Estes曾提出記憶的四大階段:
(一)呈現刺激
(二)集中注意力
(三)複習演練
(四)長期回憶
三、記憶術教學模式的實施步驟:
(一)注意教材
(二)發展聯結
(三)擴展感官的圖像
(四)練習回溯
四、記憶術教學模式的效果
(一)直接的教學效果
1.對事實與觀念的精熟
2.精熟教材與概念的工具
3.一種心智能力的感覺
(二)間接的養成
1.自尊
2.對自己的理解
3.自信與獨立

貳、對我的衝擊:
這樣的教學方式,我想台灣的學生應該都不陌生才是。不論是哪一個學科,都有老師採用過這樣的教學模式。這種教學模式,就我看來,是一種相當有效的教學策略,可以幫助學生快速的記憶基本知識。以往是念社會組的,往往需要記憶大量的內容,因此有一個有效的記憶方法,對我而言是相當重要的。大學時也是就讀歷史系,雖然在大部分人的觀念裡,歷史系就是要背一大堆的年代和史實,但事實上,歷史系比較強調的,卻是自我思考和批判的能力。可是記憶卻是從事學習的基礎,空有觀念與批判能力,但對於資料卻一無所知,也是沒有用,因此記憶可以有效的幫助我們釐清史實的來龍去脈,不致讓史學的基礎被錯用。

參、未來使用上的規劃:
雖然在教學上,並不鼓勵學生用強背的方式來進行學習,但是有些內容,卻是一定要用背誦的方式才行。在社會科領域的公民科方面,所要教給學生的,是身為一個公民應該要有的觀念,以及社會上主要的價值觀。因此在教材內容上,雖然會有一些關於法規的記憶性內容,但這對學生來說,卻不是非記不可,只要讓他們有一個大方向、一個簡略的概念即可。但在歷史教育方面,在學生並不具備充分的史學基礎下,將史學該有的大方向或概念教給學生,對學生來說,是沒有幫助的。在這個階段要教給學生的,應該是基礎的東西,也就是一些歷史事件。而記憶術教學模式就是一個相當有用的工具。

肆、教育文摘:
The Keyword Method (KWM) of vocabulary learning is a mnemonic method designed to help students learn foreign vocabulary. It has been shown to be effective over several other memorization strategies. The present experiment was designed to explore the cognition underlying the effectiveness of the KWM. Specifically, both the degree of cognitive engagement with the method and visual encoding were examined as possible sources. Subjects were tested in a 2 (imagery level) × 2 (processing strategy) mixed design. Each subject was asked to memorize 30 Latin vocabulary words, divided evenly among high- and low-imagery value words. Subjects were either provided with both keywords and interactions (the Given condition) or instructions to generate their own keywords and interactions (the Self-Generated condition). Retention was tested in both immediate and delayed post-tests. Results revealed a strong effect of imagery level in both post-tests. No significant main effect of processing strategy or interactions between imagery and processing were observed in either post-test. Results indicate that the KWM is effective because it provides a meaningful visual image upon which to base memory for a new word's meaning. They suggest that there is some flexibility in how the KWM is used.