2008-06-14 16:50:22KING OF STAR
參考資料2008科展
Ecological Entomology
Volume 8 Issue 1 Page 95-104, February 1983
To cite this article: S. R. SIMS, A. M. SHAPIRO (1983) Pupal colour dimorphism in California Battus philenor: pupation sites, environmental control, and diapause linkage
Ecological Entomology 8 (1) , 95–104 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00486.x
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00486.x
Volume 8 Issue 1 Page 95-104, February 1983
To cite this article: S. R. SIMS, A. M. SHAPIRO (1983) Pupal colour dimorphism in California Battus philenor: pupation sites, environmental control, and diapause linkage
Ecological Entomology 8 (1) , 95–104 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00486.x
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1983.tb00486.x
Pupal colour dimorphism in California Battus philenor: pupation sites, environmental control, and diapause linkage
S. R. SIMS11Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A. and A. M. SHAPIRO11Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A.1Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A.
Correspondence: Dr S. R. Sims, Department of Entomology, 840 Method Road, Unit I, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, U.S.A.
Abstract
1. Natural pupation sites and corresponding pupal colour (green or brown) were determined for samples of Battus philenor (L.) from two Californian populations.
2. Larvae pupate off the ground on trees, shrubs and man-made objects.
3. The vertical distribution of pupation sites and relative frequencies of pupae formed on narrow twigs and broad substrates show interpopulation variability, and seem to be determined by habitat-specific and possibly behavioural differences among populations.
4. The percentage of‘mismatched’pupae in green leafy environments (brown) is greater than that on wide substrates (green). Heterogeneity in samples of the latter suggest strong but sporadic predation pressure on non-cryptic pupae in exposed areas.
5. Green and brown substrates generally promoted formation of cryptic green and brown pupae although rearing conditions modified pupal colour response to substrate colour and larval pupation site choice.
6. Warm temperatures and long days increased the production of brown pupae. Short photoperiods increased the tendency of larvae to pupate on narrow twig-like substrates and to form green pupae.
7. Green pupae show less tendency to diapause than brown pupae. The difference between percentage diapause in the two colour forms increases under conditions favouring progressively more continuous development.
This article is cited by:
James A. Fordyce AND Chris C. Nice. (2003) CONTEMPORARY PATTERNS IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT: PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE PIPEVINE SWALLOWTAIL, BATTUS PHILENOR (PAPILIONIDAE). Evolution 57:5, 1089–1099
Abstract Abstract and References Full Article PDF
S. R. SIMS11Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A. and A. M. SHAPIRO11Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A.1Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A.
Correspondence: Dr S. R. Sims, Department of Entomology, 840 Method Road, Unit I, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, U.S.A.
Abstract
1. Natural pupation sites and corresponding pupal colour (green or brown) were determined for samples of Battus philenor (L.) from two Californian populations.
2. Larvae pupate off the ground on trees, shrubs and man-made objects.
3. The vertical distribution of pupation sites and relative frequencies of pupae formed on narrow twigs and broad substrates show interpopulation variability, and seem to be determined by habitat-specific and possibly behavioural differences among populations.
4. The percentage of‘mismatched’pupae in green leafy environments (brown) is greater than that on wide substrates (green). Heterogeneity in samples of the latter suggest strong but sporadic predation pressure on non-cryptic pupae in exposed areas.
5. Green and brown substrates generally promoted formation of cryptic green and brown pupae although rearing conditions modified pupal colour response to substrate colour and larval pupation site choice.
6. Warm temperatures and long days increased the production of brown pupae. Short photoperiods increased the tendency of larvae to pupate on narrow twig-like substrates and to form green pupae.
7. Green pupae show less tendency to diapause than brown pupae. The difference between percentage diapause in the two colour forms increases under conditions favouring progressively more continuous development.
This article is cited by:
James A. Fordyce AND Chris C. Nice. (2003) CONTEMPORARY PATTERNS IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT: PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE PIPEVINE SWALLOWTAIL, BATTUS PHILENOR (PAPILIONIDAE). Evolution 57:5, 1089–1099
Abstract Abstract and References Full Article PDF