2003-12-02 15:38:14毛錐子
【雋語】文藝與社會
"A work of art has no importance whatsoever to society. It is only important to the individual, and only the individual reader is important to me. I don't give a damn for the group, the community, the masses, and so forth. Although I do not care for the slogan 'art for art's sake' -- because unfortunately such promoters of it as, for instance, Oscar Wilde and various dainty poets, were in reality rank moralists and didacticists -- there can be no question that what makes a work of fiction safe from larvae and rust is not its social importance but its art, only its art." (SO, p. 33)
「一件藝術作品對於社會全無重要性可言。它只對個人有其重要性,而也只有個別讀者才能引起我的重視。我對群體、社區、大眾之類一無興趣。我雖不喜歡『為藝術而藝術』這句口號——因為不幸推行它的人,像奧斯卡‧王爾德與其它典雅的詩人,骨子裡其實都是十足的道學家與說教者——但毫無疑問,使一部小說免於蛆蝕銹爛的不是它的社會重要性,而是它的藝術,只是它的藝術。」
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"The middlebrow or the upper Philistine cannot get rid of the furtive feeling that a book, to be great, must deal in great ideas. Oh, I know the type, the dreary type! He likes a good yarn spiced with social comment; he likes to recognize his own thoughts and throes in those of the author; he wants at least one of the characters to be the author's stooge. If American, he has a dash of Marxist blood, and if British, he is acutely and ridiculously class-conscious; he finds it so much easier to write about ideas than about words; he does not realize that perhaps the reason he does not find general ideas in a particular writer is that the particular idea of that writer have not yet become general." (SO, p. 41)
「中等凡夫或高級俗子總拋不開他們心中那個隱隱作祟的感覺,認為一部書要趨於偉大,就得販賣些偉大的觀念。噢,我很清楚那類角色,那類可怕的角色。他喜歡的故事裡得撒滿社會評論的佐料。他喜歡在作者的思想與痛苦中認出自己的思想與痛苦。他要其中至少一個角色是作者埋伏的打手。如果是美國人,他體內會流著一絲馬克思主義者的血液。如果是英國人,他腦中會滿是尖銳而荒唐的階級意識。他覺得評論觀念比評論文字容易得多。他不曉得,他在某個獨特作者身上找不到一般觀念的原因﹐或許是因為那個作者的獨特觀念尚未變成一般。」___________________________________________
【摘自《Strong Opinions》】
* 錢鍾書先生嘗在《中國文學小史序論》一文中明辨雅俗之分,也兼及文學之佳者自體圓足,與社會大眾並無必然關係之論點,而與VN遙相呼應:「……竊謂至精文藝,至高之美,不論文體之雅俗,非好學深思者,毋克心領神會;素人(amateur)俗子(philistine),均不足與於此事,更何有於『平民』(the court chaplains of king Demos)?文學非政治選舉,豈以感人之多寡為斷,亦視能感之度,所感之人耳。故以感人而言亦有講究辨別;鄙見則以為佳作者,能呼起(stimulate)讀者之嗜欲情感而復能滿足之者也,能搖蕩讀者之精神魂魄,而復能撫之使靜,安之使定者也。蓋一書之中,呼應起訖,自為一周(a complete circuit),讀者不必於書外別求宣洩嗜欲情感之具焉。劣作則不然,放而不能收,動而不能止,讀者心煩意亂,必於書外求安心定意之方,甚且見諸行事,以為陶寫。故夫誨淫誨盜之籍,教忠教孝之書,宗尚不同,胥歸劣作。何者?以書中所引起之欲願,必求嘗於書外也。僅以『可歌可泣』為標準,則神經病態(neurotic)之文學觀而已。」(《國風》第三卷第八期,1933年10月16日)
「一件藝術作品對於社會全無重要性可言。它只對個人有其重要性,而也只有個別讀者才能引起我的重視。我對群體、社區、大眾之類一無興趣。我雖不喜歡『為藝術而藝術』這句口號——因為不幸推行它的人,像奧斯卡‧王爾德與其它典雅的詩人,骨子裡其實都是十足的道學家與說教者——但毫無疑問,使一部小說免於蛆蝕銹爛的不是它的社會重要性,而是它的藝術,只是它的藝術。」
___________________________________________
"The middlebrow or the upper Philistine cannot get rid of the furtive feeling that a book, to be great, must deal in great ideas. Oh, I know the type, the dreary type! He likes a good yarn spiced with social comment; he likes to recognize his own thoughts and throes in those of the author; he wants at least one of the characters to be the author's stooge. If American, he has a dash of Marxist blood, and if British, he is acutely and ridiculously class-conscious; he finds it so much easier to write about ideas than about words; he does not realize that perhaps the reason he does not find general ideas in a particular writer is that the particular idea of that writer have not yet become general." (SO, p. 41)
「中等凡夫或高級俗子總拋不開他們心中那個隱隱作祟的感覺,認為一部書要趨於偉大,就得販賣些偉大的觀念。噢,我很清楚那類角色,那類可怕的角色。他喜歡的故事裡得撒滿社會評論的佐料。他喜歡在作者的思想與痛苦中認出自己的思想與痛苦。他要其中至少一個角色是作者埋伏的打手。如果是美國人,他體內會流著一絲馬克思主義者的血液。如果是英國人,他腦中會滿是尖銳而荒唐的階級意識。他覺得評論觀念比評論文字容易得多。他不曉得,他在某個獨特作者身上找不到一般觀念的原因﹐或許是因為那個作者的獨特觀念尚未變成一般。」___________________________________________
【摘自《Strong Opinions》】
* 錢鍾書先生嘗在《中國文學小史序論》一文中明辨雅俗之分,也兼及文學之佳者自體圓足,與社會大眾並無必然關係之論點,而與VN遙相呼應:「……竊謂至精文藝,至高之美,不論文體之雅俗,非好學深思者,毋克心領神會;素人(amateur)俗子(philistine),均不足與於此事,更何有於『平民』(the court chaplains of king Demos)?文學非政治選舉,豈以感人之多寡為斷,亦視能感之度,所感之人耳。故以感人而言亦有講究辨別;鄙見則以為佳作者,能呼起(stimulate)讀者之嗜欲情感而復能滿足之者也,能搖蕩讀者之精神魂魄,而復能撫之使靜,安之使定者也。蓋一書之中,呼應起訖,自為一周(a complete circuit),讀者不必於書外別求宣洩嗜欲情感之具焉。劣作則不然,放而不能收,動而不能止,讀者心煩意亂,必於書外求安心定意之方,甚且見諸行事,以為陶寫。故夫誨淫誨盜之籍,教忠教孝之書,宗尚不同,胥歸劣作。何者?以書中所引起之欲願,必求嘗於書外也。僅以『可歌可泣』為標準,則神經病態(neurotic)之文學觀而已。」(《國風》第三卷第八期,1933年10月16日)