單字用法CO
complement
verb [ T ]
UK
/ˈkɒm.plɪ.ment/ US
/ˈkɑːm.plə.ment/
to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it
補充；補足；使完善；為…增色
Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly.草莓加鮮奶油相得益彰。
The music complements her voice perfectly.音樂完美地襯托出她的嗓音。
complex
adjective
UK
/ˈkɒm.pleks/ /kəmˈpleks/ US
/kɑːmˈpleks/ /ˈkɑːm.pleks/
B2
involving a lot of different but related parts
由許多相關的不同部分組成的；構造複雜的
a complex molecule/carbohydrate複雜的分子／碳水化合物
a complex network of roads錯綜複雜的道路網
a complex procedure複雜的程序
The company has a complex organizational structure.公司組織結構非常複雜。
B2
difficult to understand or find an answer to because of having many different parts
難懂的，費解的；錯綜複雜的
It's a very complex issue to which there is no straightforward answer.這個問題錯綜複雜，沒有簡單直接的答案。
The film's plot was so complex that I couldn't follow it.這部電影的情節太複雜，我看不懂。
减少例句
- I find it hard to get my mind round such complex issues.
- The structure of this protein is particularly complex.
- It is a simple melody with complex harmonies.
- The writer has used several complex grammatical constructions.
- She always manages to cut through the complex theory and get at the facts.
complex
noun [ C ]
UK
/ˈkɒm.pleks/ US
/ˈkɑːm.pleks/
complex noun [C] (BUILDING)
C1
a large building with various connected rooms or a related group of buildings
綜合大樓；建築群
a shopping/sports and leisure complex購物／運動休閒中心
US They live in a large apartment complex.他們住在一幢大型的公寓樓裡。
更多範例
complex noun [C] (BAD FEELING)
C2
a particular anxiety or unconscious fear that a person has, especially as a result of an unpleasant experience that they have had in the past or because they have a low opinion of their own worth
（尤指由過去的不快經歷或自我評價不高造成的）情結，心理負擔，病態心理
an inferiority complex自卑情結
I think he's got a complex about being bald.我覺得他因禿頭而有心理負擔。
Don't go on about her weight - you'll give her a complex!別再沒完沒了地談她的體重了——你會讓她有心理負擔的！
adj.
形容詞
- 1.複雜的，錯綜複雜的；難懂的It was a complex problem. 這是一個複雜的問題。
- 2.由各種部分所構成的，複合的，合成的
- 3.【文】複合的
n.[C]
可數名詞
- 1.複合物，綜合體A petrochemical complex is to be built here. 這兒將建造一個石油化學聯合企業。
- 2.集團；綜合設施
- 3.【心】情結，情絲[（+about）]She has a complex about rats. 她對老鼠有病態恐懼。
- 4.【文】複句
complicate
verb [ T ]
UK
/ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/ US
/ˈkɑːm.plə.keɪt/
C1
to make something more difficult to deal with, do, or understand
使複雜化；使更難懂；使更麻煩
It will only complicate the situation if we invite his old girlfriend as well.如果我們同時也邀請他以前的女友，只會使事情更加複雜。
The rescue operation has been complicated by bad weather.惡劣的天氣使救援工作變得更加艱難。
These new rules have complicated the tax system even further.這些新規定使稅收制度更加複雜。
If one illness complicates another illness, it makes the other illness worse.
使（疾病）惡化，加重
The breathing problem has now been complicated by a chest infection.因為胸腔感染，他的呼吸問題變得更加嚴重了。
· don’t over complicate a good idea.
別將一個好主意過度復雜化。
· technology should be making our lives easier, but life doesn「t seem easier. i think that is because we unnecessarily complicate it.
技術應該使我們的生活更加輕松，但生活似乎并沒有變輕松。我想這是因為我們不必要地將生活復雜化了。
· most other countries thought this would only complicate matters, particularly if it means tying up greek assets due for privatisation.
大多數其他國家想這么做只能將事件復雜化，尤其如果它意味著為了預期的私有化而捆綁希臘資產。
· for twenty centuries men have striven to give decency to greek insolence and naivete, to diminish the flesh and complicate dress.
兩千年來，男人們一直力求給希臘式的傲慢和天真找回一絲體面，力求減少肉身的裸露，讓著裝復雜化。
· other mechanisms at play in the climate complicate the issue, but none of them offers a remotely satisfactory alternative explanation for the temperature rise.
雖然其他機制在其后變化中的作用時全球氣溫升高這一問題復雜化，但這些因素無一能對氣溫上升作出令人滿意的解釋。
· keep it simple. – don’t over complicate a good idea.
保持簡約風格。 別將一個好主意過度復雜化。
· the device is actually capable of much more -- but why complicate something that works so well for so many.
該設備實際上可以完成很多功能 ——那么何必要把這個可以提供豐富功能的設備復雜化呢？
· we hope that relevant countries can respect china」s stand, rights and interests and refrain from taking unilateral actions to complicate and magnify the issue.
我們希望有關國家尊重中國的主張、立場和權益，不單方面采取任何使問題復雜化、擴大化的行動。
· but although the illegal hunt may complicate the makahs「 wish to resume legal whale hunting, within two years they will probably get the waiver they want.
雖然非法捕殺讓馬卡人繼續合法捕殺鯨魚的愿望復雜化了，但兩年之內他們可能會獲得他們想要捕殺權。
· and physical differences between regions, such as currents and the stratification of the water column, will also complicate the response of food webs.
在不同的地區，水的物理性質（如：水體的流動與分層）也會有所差異，這也將使得魚類對食物網的反應復雜化。
· the white house confirmed that the judgment 「will complicate the confidentiality of our intelligence-sharing relationship with the uk, and it will have to factor into our decision-making」.
白宮證實說這些審判將會使他們和英國情報局的情報分享復雜化，而且美國當局必須把英國情報局納入決策方。
· side effects complicate the math required to prove program correctness.
副作用把驗證程序正確的數學問題復雜化。
· weinzierl didn」t focus on the older workers targeted by australia because he didn「t want to complicate the analysis with retirement decisions.
澳大利亞的目標是老年工人，而溫齊爾沒有將重點放在這方面，因為他不想因對退休決定的分析使問題復雜化。
· and it」s not just rivers and mountains that complicate the development of fragile states.
然而，使這些易崩潰國家的發展復雜化起來的，并不僅僅是河流、山川。
· to keep the business logic code clear and easy to maintain, do not complicate it with too much technical code.
為了保持業務邏輯清晰并易於維護，不要用太多的技術性代碼將其復雜化。
· it「s certainly possible to factor code to adapt to this lack of fine control, but eventually the rigidity of declarative authorization will begin to warp and complicate the application」s structure.
當然可以讓代碼適應這種缺少精細控制的情況，但是聲明式授權的刻板性最終會扭曲和復雜化應用程序的結構。
· sloppy data can decrease customer satisfaction, complicate communication, and increase costs when trying to circumvent the problem, as well as create other challenges.
糟糕的數據可能降低客戶滿意度，使得通信復雜化并在嘗試規避問題時導致成本增加，還可能會帶來其他挑戰。
· to further complicate the situation, the data of interest may be spread among multiple systems, hosted on different networks, or housed in a variety of physical locations.
使這種情況進一步復雜化的是，相關數據可能散布在多個系統之中，承載在不同的網絡上，或者駐留在各種各樣的物理位置。
· in the 2002 declaration, the signatories agreed to settle south china sea disputes through friendly negotiation and to avoid activities that would complicate or escalate disputes.
在2002年的《宣言》中，簽署者都同意通過友好的談判來解決南海紛爭，以避免將會引起復雜化的活動或紛爭升級。
· the selection service is one of the more difficult services to implement correctly because it has some valuable features that complicate the implementation.
選擇服務是比較難以正確實現的服務之一，因為它具有一些使實現復雜化的有價值的功能。
complication
noun
UK
/ˌkɒm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ US
/ˌkɑːm.pləˈkeɪ.ʃən/
C1 [ C or U ]
something that makes a situation more difficult, or the act of doing this
使情況複雜化的事物；複雜化
Dave couldn't find his passport at the airport and then there were further complications when Fiona lost her baggage.戴夫在機場找不到護照了，後來事情越發麻煩，菲奧娜又把行李遺失了。
If any complications arise, let me know and I'll help.如果發生甚麼麻煩事，告訴我一聲，我會幫忙的。
n.名詞
1.糾紛；混亂；複雜（化）[U][C]
We cannot allow further complication of this matter. 我們不能讓這件事變得更複雜了。
2.【醫】併發症[C]
3.（新出現的）困難，障礙[C]
Both parents work, which adds complications to their family life. 父母都工作，這給他們的家庭生活增添了困難。
4.（戲劇、小說情節發展中出現的錯綜複雜的）糾葛
compliment
noun
UK
/ˈkɒm.plɪ.mənt/ US
/ˈkɑːm.plə.mənt/
C2 [ C ]
a remark that expresses approval, admiration, or respect
恭維話；讚揚話；奉承話
He complained that his husband never paid him any compliments anymore.她抱怨說丈夫再也不讚美她了。
I take it as a compliment (= I am pleased) when people say I look like my mother.當人們說我長得像我母親的時候，我覺得很高興。
Are you fishing for (= trying to get) compliments?你這是在尋求表揚嗎？
Note:
- Do not confuse with complement.
C2 [ S ]
an action that expresses approval or respect
讚揚；致敬；致意
You should take it as a compliment when I fall asleep in your company - it means I'm relaxed.我在你面前睡著了你應該感到榮幸——這意味著我很放心。
Thank you so much for your help - I hope one day I'll be able to return/repay the compliment (= do something good for you).謝謝你的幫忙——我希望有朝一日能報答你。
my compliments... formal
an expression of your admiration or respect
（向）…致意（或致敬）
That was an excellent meal! My compliments to the chef.這頓飯真是太好吃了！請代我向廚師致意。
with your compliments C2 formal
If you give something to someone with your compliments, you give it to that person free.
免費贈送
We enclose a copy of our latest brochure, with our compliments.我們免費附贈一本最新的小冊子。
compliment
verb [ T ]
UK
/ˈkɒm.plɪ.mənt/ US
/ˈkɑːm.plə.mənt/
C1
to praise or express admiration for someone
誇獎；讚揚；讚賞；恭維
I was just complimenting Robert on his wonderful food.我剛才在誇羅伯特做的飯菜很棒。
I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation.我必須表揚你對困難局面的處理。
· whenever my girlfriend comes back from the salon, i always compliment her hair.
我女友每次從美容院回來，我都會稱贊她的頭發。
· if you hear her engaged in a tough situation, compliment the way she handled it.
如果你聽到她狀態不好的一些保證，以她能接受的方式贊揚她。
· compliment three people every day.
每天贊美三個人。
component
noun [ C ]
UK
/kəmˈpəʊ.nənt/ US
/kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/
C1
a part that combines with other parts to form something bigger
組成部分；成分；零件
television/aircraft/computer components電視／飛機／電腦零件
The factory supplies electrical components for cars.這家工廠供應汽車電器零件。
The course has four main components: business law, finance, computing and management skills.這門課由四大部分組成：商業法、金融、電腦操作和管理技巧。
Fresh fruit and vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet.新鮮水果和蔬菜是健康飲食的一個基本要素。
The control of inflation is a key component of the government's economic policy.控制通貨膨脹是政府經濟政策中的關鍵環節。
component part構件；組成部份
main component主要成分
compose
verb
UK
/kəmˈpəʊz/ US
/kəmˈpoʊz/
compose verb (PRODUCE ART)
B2 [ I or T ]
to produce music, poetry, or formal writing
作曲；創作（樂曲、詩歌）；著（書）
Prokofiev started composing at the age of five.普羅高菲夫五歲就開始作曲了。
The music was specially composed for the film.這音樂是專門為該電影創作的。
a piece of music composed for the flute為長笛而譜寫的樂曲
He composed this poem for his wife.他為妻子寫了這首詩。
formal My lawyer is going to compose a letter of complaint.我的律師要擬寫一份投訴狀。
compose verb (FORM)
be composed of sth
B2
to be formed from various things
由…組成，由…構成
Air is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.空氣主要由氮和氧組成。
The committee is composed of MPs, doctors, academics and members of the public.委員會由議員、醫生、學者和普通民眾組成。
The audience was composed largely of young people.觀眾中大部分都是年輕人。
to be the parts that something is made of
組成，構成
At that time, women composed only 1.6 percent of the US forces.那個時期，美軍中的女性只佔1.6%的比例。
compose verb (BECOME CALM)
compose yourself
to make yourself calm again after being angry or upset
使自己鎮定；使自己平靜下來
She finally stopped crying and composed herself.她終於停止哭泣，安靜了下來。
compose your features/thoughts
to try to make yourself look or feel calm after being angry or upset
使表情（或思緒等）鎮定
I tried to compose my features into a smile.我極力使表情平靜下來，露出一絲微笑。
He took a minute or two to compose his thoughts before he replied.他用一兩分鐘平靜了思緒後才作出回答。
compose verb (ARRANGE TEXT)
[ T ] PUBLISHING specialized
to arrange words, sentences, pages, etc. in preparation for printing
排版
- compose a mission statement.
撰寫一篇任務報告。
- we can compose it as an xml document and simply insert it back as xml in the same column.
我們只需用這些數據組成一個xml文檔，然后將它作為xml插入同一列中。
- it can compose services at run-time using externalized policy descriptions, management, and monitoring.
它可以使用外部化的策略描述、管理和監控功能在運行時構建服務。
- fundamentally, to use object-oriented design means to properly assign responsibilities to objects that compose the system and define the messages that pass among them.
基本上，使用面向對象的設計意思是適當地將職責分配給那些組成了系統的對象，并且確定出在它們之間傳遞的消息。
- figure 1 shows how the first three elements compose the core requirements.
圖1展示了開頭的三個元素如何組成核心需求。
composer
noun [ C ]
UK
/kəmˈpəʊ.zər/ US
/kəmˈpoʊ.zɚ/
B2
作曲家
composition
noun
UK
/ˌkɒm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ US
/ˌkɑːm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
composition noun (MUSIC/ART)
B2 [ C ]
a piece of music that someone has written
（音樂）作品，樂曲
This concerto is one of her earlier/later compositions.這首協奏曲是她早期／後期的作品之一。
C2 [ U ]
the process or skill of writing music
音樂創作（技巧），作曲（技巧）
At music school I studied piano and composition.我在音樂學校學習鋼琴和作曲。
C2 [ C ]
the way that people or things are arranged in a painting or photograph
（繪畫或照片的）構圖，構思，佈局
a group composition組合構思
composition noun (PIECE OF WRITING)
B1 [ C or U ] old-fashioned
a short piece of writing about a particular subject, done by a student
作文
a 200-word composition一篇200字的作文
composition noun (FORMED FROM)
C2 [ U ]
the parts, substances, etc. that something is made of
成分；構成；結構
the composition of the atmosphere大氣的成分
vt. 組成，構成
· devise
· , construct
· , build
· , create
· , make
· , make up
· , put together
Atmospheric composition[氣象] 大氣成分，大氣組成
music composition音樂寫作；音樂合成
color composition色彩構成；銫彩構圖；彩色合成
species composition[進化] 物種組成；種類成分
composition window撰寫窗口；合成窗口
age composition年齡結構；[統計] 年齡組成；年齡分布
antifouling composition[助劑] 防污劑
phase composition相組成；相成分；相位成分
gas composition氣體組分，氣體成分
body composition身體組成
group composition族組成；團體組成
typewriter composition[印刷] 打字排版
atmospheric composition[氣象] 大氣成分，大氣組成
chemical composition[化學] 化學成分；[化學] 化學組成
elemental composition構成的化學元素
mineral composition礦物組成，礦物成分
floristic composition[植] 植物區系組成；植物種類成分
PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION攝影構圖學
grain composition顆粒級配；顆粒組成；粒度
- but you do see something similar going on in physicists「 attempts to unpack the composition of the universe.
但是你可以在物理學家試圖解密宇宙組成的努力上看到相似之處。
- by training a spectrograph on this light, scientists can tease out the composition of the planet」s atmosphere.
通過將光譜儀對準這些光線，科學家們將可以梳理出這顆行星的大氣層成分。
- fertilizer modify the composition of herbage.
化肥可改變牧草的組成。
- and reading off the composition of the liquid down here.
沿著這條線向下可以讀出液體成分。
- scientists study the composition of the soil.
科學家研究土壤的構成。
comprise
verb [ T, L only + noun, not continuous ]
formal
UK
/kəmˈpraɪz/ US
/kəmˈpraɪz/
C1
to have as parts or members, or to be those parts or members
包含；包括；構成，組成
The course comprises a class book, a practice book, and a CD.這門課的教材包括一冊課本、一本練習用書和一張光碟。
The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students.這個班主要由義大利和法國學生組成。
Italian students comprise 60 percent of the class.義大利學生佔全班人數的60%。
involve包含；牽涉；使陷於；潛心於
contain含有；自制
consist由…組成；在於；符合
include包含，包括
of屬於；……的；……的一部分；住在（某地）；關於；由……組成的；因為；（表示人或事的時空位置）在，當
include包含，包括
encircle包圍；圍繞；環繞
involve包含；牽涉；使陷於；潛心於
consist由…組成；在於；符合
embrace擁抱；信奉，皈依；包含
contain含有；自制
· these rules comprise the grammar of a language.
這些規則組成了語言的語法體系。
· that’s a tall order for a tower, but the collection of non-profits that comprise the center, along with a strong community, feel up to it.
對高樓來說，這是難以滿足的要求，但是，包括該中心以及一個強大社區在內的非營利性組織認為他們能夠做到。
· projects that comprise a program are inextricably linked, and problems in one project can threaten the health of the overall program success.
包含在這個計劃中的項目都緊密相連，一個項目中的問題就能威脅整個計劃的成功。
· tariff increases comprise only about a third of these actions and a half for developing countries.
關稅提高僅占這些措施的三分之一左右，對於發展中國家占一半。
· all of those tabbed pages in figure 5 comprise your content library.
圖5中的所有選項卡頁面組成了您的內容庫。
· keeping the various documents that comprise the design in phase with each other is a real problem with a large design, but it is critical.
將包含各階段設計的各種文檔保存在一起對於大型設計而言是真正的問題，但它很關鍵。
· these 4 ms comprise the total time required for the prepare, execute, and fetch phases: prepare = 1 milliseconds (ms); execute = 2 ms; fetch = 1 ms.
這4毫秒包含準備、執行和取回階段需要的總時間：準備階段1毫秒，執行階段2毫秒，取回階段1毫秒。
· comprehensive insight into databases and files that comprise the application, and data flows that provide logical connections among programs, processes, and applications.
全面洞察數據庫和包含了應用程序和提供程序、流程及應用程序間邏輯連接的數據流的文件。
· together they comprise your character.
它們一起構成你的性格。
· given those keys, an application can run a query against the associated database to find the complete records that comprise the match.
對於這些鍵，應用程序可以針對相關數據庫運行查詢來查找包含匹配的完整記錄。
· all the parts that comprise a release should be kept together.
組成一個發行版的所有部分都應該在一起。
· these anti-patterns comprise model elements that are too loosely defined, and thus potentially require refinement by adding textual constraints.
這些反模式包含過於松散定義的模型元素，因而可能需要通過增加文本的約束來精化。
· the hotels, which are expected to comprise a variety of ten brands under hilton, are envisaged to be mainly managed properties while franchised properties will not be standalone.
新加盟的酒店將包含十個希爾頓屬下的不同酒店品牌，這些酒店都將由希爾頓集團管理，這樣使得連鎖加盟的酒店不會獨立運作。
· file set: the umf files that comprise a specific load, those files meet the criteria set by the selector (e.g. file name, date, data source, etc.).
文件集：包含特定加載的umf文件，這些文件滿足選擇器的標準集（即文件名、日期、數據源等） 。
· in listing 2, a few countries are detected through a simple list of names that comprise the regular expression.
在 清單2 中，通過包含正則表達式的簡單的名稱列表可以檢測一些國家。
· women comprise 51 percent of the population of france.
婦女構成了法國人口的51%。
compound
noun [ C ]
UK
/ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ US
/ˈkɑːm-/
compound noun [C] (COMBINATION)
CHEMISTRY specialized
a chemical that combines two or more elements
化合物
Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.鹽是鈉和氯的化合物。
Many fertilizers contain nitrogen compounds.許多化學肥料都含有含氮化合物。
formal
something consisting of two or more different parts
複合物；混合物
Then there was his manner, a curious compound of humour and severity.還有他的態度，那是一種幽默與嚴厲的奇異混合。
LANGUAGE specialized
a word that combines two or more different words. Often, the meaning of the compound cannot be discovered by knowing the meaning of the different words that form it. Compounds may be written either as one word or as separate words
（文法中的）複合詞
'Bodyguard' and 'floppy disk' are two examples of compounds.bodyguard 和 floppy disk 是兩個複合詞。
compound noun [C] (AREA)
an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings
（圍起來的）場地，樓群，院落
The gates opened and the troops marched into their compound.大門開了，部隊進入他們的大院。
The embassy compound has been closed to the public because of a bomb threat.因受到炸彈威脅，使館區停止對公眾開放。
comprehend
verb [ I or T, not continuous ]
formal
UK
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhend/ US
/ˌkɑːm.prəˈhend/
vt. 理解，了解，領會
· , realize
· , know
to understand something completely
充分理解；領悟
I fail to comprehend their attitude.我無法理解他們的態度。
He doesn't seem to comprehend the scale of the problem他似乎沒意識到問題的嚴重性。
[ + question word ] I'll never comprehend why she did what she did.我永遠也不會明白她為甚麼那麼做。
[ + that ] I don't think he fully comprehends that she won't be here to help him.我看他還沒有充分意識到她是不會來這裡幫他的。
· phases, however, seem easier to comprehend as they provide clear buckets into which pms can throw their tasks.
然而，階段似乎更容易理解，因為它們提供清晰的桶，pm可以將任務放進去。
· how can you comprehend that level of generosity?
這種水平的「豁達」你又怎能理解？
· but what about those who refuse to comprehend the present?
但對那些拒絕理解目前的人來說又如何呢？
· patients with strokes or other damage to wernicke's area are able to talk freely, but they cannot comprehend language, and nothing they say makes any sense.
中風的病人或韋尼克區受損的病人能夠流利地說話，但他們不能理解語言，他們說的話也是沒有任何意義的。
· feeling the mouth allows you to better comprehend how your lips should form when speaking and how much pressure should be expelled from the mouth when speaking.
感受他們的嘴型，可以讓你更好的領悟在講英語的時候，你的嘴唇該如何運動，和在你說話的時候應該用嘴發出多大的力。
· by analyzing a situation, breaking it up into pieces to see the depth of it, you will more accurately understand and comprehend the core of a situation or conflict.
通過對某一情形的分析，將它掰開揉碎，透過現象看本質，這會幫助你更加精準地理解和領會造成這一情形或沖突的核心因素。
· eventually you’ll comprehend the absurdity of it all.
最終，你會理解所有的荒謬之處。
· with few exceptions, we are not teaching them how to fully and deeply comprehend what they read or write with clarity, precision, and purpose.
毫無疑問，我們并沒有教他們怎樣以一種清晰、嚴密、有目的的對他們所讀或所寫進行完整、深入的理解。
· what could possibly be more beautiful than the ability to experience and comprehend beauty?
有能力去體驗和領會美，世上還有什么比這更為美妙的？
· it was hard for me to comprehend at the time, but now i do.
那個時候我還太難以領會這一切，不過現在我知道了。
· at the forum, lunar scientists shared their most recent findings – as well as their attempts to model and comprehend all the data that is not yet understood.
在這次論壇上，月球科學家們彼此分享了自己近來的發現——以及他們模擬和理解所有尚未被理解的數據的企圖。
· they are not only familiar with this or that person or group, but comprehend human nature in general.
他們不僅和這個或那個人或者團體熟識，而且理解人類天性。
comprehension
noun
UK
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.ʃən/ US
/ˌkɑːm.prəˈhen.ʃən/
n. 理解，理解力
· , apprehension
· , intelligence
· , grasp
· , realization
· , recognition
· , perception
· , cognizance
· , discernment
appreciative comprehension性理解
reading comprehension閱讀理解；閱讀測驗
listening comprehension聽力理解；聽懂；聽力測驗
comprehension and translation理解與翻譯
passage comprehension短文聽力
Comprehension Quiz你讀懂了多少
the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts, etc.
理解力；領悟能力
He has no comprehension of the size of the problem.他不明白問題有多嚴重。
How she manages to fit so much into a working day is beyond my comprehension (= I cannot understand it).我不明白她如何能在一個工作天裡做那麼多事情。
[ C or U ] UK
a test to find out how well students understand written or spoken language
理解力測試
a listening/reading comprehension聽力／閱讀理解
· in my opinion, this comprehension is most direct at first and is right.
我覺得這個理解首先肯定是最直接的，也是對的。
comrade
noun [ C ]
UK
/ˈkɒm.reɪd/ US
/ˈkɑːm.ræd/
comrade noun [C] (FRIEND)
old-fashioned
(UK comrade-in-arms)
a friend, especially one who you have been involved in difficult or dangerous, usually military, activities with
（尤指共患難過的）朋友，同志；（通常指）戰友
Many of his comrades were killed in the battle.他的許多戰友死在戰場上。
comrade noun [C] (POLITICAL MEMBER)
a member of the same political group, especially a communist or socialist group or a trade union
（尤指共產主義、社會主義組織或工會的）同志，同仁
I know my opinion is shared by many of my comrades in the Labour movement.我知道許多參加工人運動的同志都和我有相同的觀點。
[ as form of address ] Welcome to the conference, comrades.各位同志，歡迎你們參加本次大會。
comradely
adjective UK
/ˈkɒm.reɪd.li/ US
/ˈkɑːm.ræd.li/
like a comrade
朋友般的；戰友般的；友好的
He gave me a comradely slap on the back.他友好地拍拍我的背。
partner使合作；與…合伙
chum室友；密友
companion同伴；朋友；指南；手冊
pal朋友，伙伴；同志
buddy做好朋友，交朋友
ally(Ally)人名；(巴基)阿利；(法)阿利；(英)艾麗(女子教名 Alice 的簡稱)；(尼日利)阿利
pal朋友，伙伴；同志
crony密友；好朋友
companion同伴；朋友；指南；手冊
chum室友；密友
partner使合作；與…合伙
fellow（非正式）男人，男孩，家伙；男朋友；同事，朋友；（某些學院或大學的）董事；（學術或專業團體的）會員；同類物；（接受獎學金的）研究生
supporter支持者；擁護者
buddy做好朋友，交朋友
brother我的老兄！
companion
noun [ C ]
UK
/kəmˈpæn.jən/ US
/kəmˈpæn.jən/
companion noun [C] (PERSON)
B2
a person you spend a lot of time with often because you are friends or because you are travelling together
同伴；夥伴；伴侶
The dog has been her constant companion these past ten years.在過去的這十年裡，這隻狗一直與她形影不離。
a travelling companion旅伴
in the past, a young woman who was paid to care for and provide friendship for an old or ill woman, especially while she was travelling
陪護（舊時受僱陪伴老太太或女性病人旅行的年輕女子）
concede 在英語-中文（繁體）詞典中的翻譯
concede
verb
UK
/kənˈsiːd/ US
/kənˈsiːd/
concede verb (ADMIT)
C2 [ T ]
to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true
（常指不情願地）承認
[ + (that) ] The government has conceded (that) the new tax policy has been a disaster.政府承認新的稅收政策是徹底失敗的。
[ + speech ] "Well okay, perhaps I was a little hard on her," he conceded.「好吧，也許我對她是有點苛刻，」他承認道。
也請參見
concession (SOMETHING ALLOWED)
to admit that you have lost in a competition
認輸；承認（失敗）
He kept on arguing and wouldn't concede defeat.他一直爭論不休，不願認輸。
She conceded even before all the votes had been counted.選票還沒全部點算她就認輸了。
vt. （勉強）承認；容許
· admit
· , allow
· , grant
· , confess
相反詞
deny否認；拒絕
conceit
noun
UK
/kənˈsiːt/ US
/kənˈsiːt/
conceit noun (PRIDE)
the state of being too proud of yourself and your actions
自負，自大
The conceit of that man is incredible!那人極度自負！
n.
名詞
- 1.自滿，自大，自負[U]His conceit is intolerable. 他的自負令人不能容忍。
- 2.幻想，奇想；（詩中）誇張的比喻[C]
- 3.個人意見（或想法）[C]He jotted down the conceits of his idle hours. 他記下了閒暇時想到的一些看法。
- 4.好評[U]I don't have much conceit of his poems. 我對他的詩作沒有什麼好評。
相反詞
modesty謙遜；質樸；穩重
humility謙卑，謙遜
conceive
verb
UK
/kənˈsiːv/ US
/kənˈsiːv/
conceive verb (IMAGINE)
C2 [ I or T ]
to imagine something
想像；想出；構想
I think my uncle still conceives of me as a four-year-old.我覺得我叔叔仍然把我看成是四歲的小孩。
He couldn't conceive of a time when he would have no job.他不能想像有一天他會沒有工作。
[ + question word ] I can't conceive (= it is too shocking to imagine) how anyone could behave so cruelly.我不能想像有人竟然能做出如此殘酷的事情。
[ + that ] I find it hard to conceive (= it is too shocking to imagine) that people are still treated so badly.人們竟然還受著那樣的虐待，實在令我難以想像。
conceive verb (INVENT)
C2 [ T ]
構想，想出，設想出（計劃或主意）
He conceived the plot for this film while he was still a student.他還是個學生的時候就已經構想出了這部影片的情節。
The exhibition was conceived by the museum's director.這次展覽是由博物館館長構思設計的。
也請參見
conceive verb (BECOME PREGNANT)
C2 [ I or T ]
to become pregnant, or to cause a baby to begin to form
懷孕；受孕；懷（胎）
Do you know exactly when you conceived?你知道自己懷孕的確切時間嗎？
The baby was conceived in March, so will be born in December.這孩子是3月份懷上的，所以會在12月出生。
也請參見
· i cannot conceive of such a thing happening again.
我不能想像這種事會再發生.
· conceive new project.
構思新項目。
· we conceive of the family as being in a constant state of change.
我們認為家庭處於不斷變化之中。
· i can not conceive of such cruelty as to take a child away from its mother.
我真不能想象,竟有把孩子從他母親手里奪走這種殘酷行為.
· i can hardly conceive of your doing such a thing.
我很難想象你會做出這種事情.
He conceived it his duty to help his deceased friend's family. 他認為幫助亡友的家屬是他的責任。
I cannot conceive that he would simply take the money 我無法想像他會就那麼把錢拿走了
concentrate
verb
UK
/ˈkɒn.sən.treɪt/ US
/ˈkɑːn.sən.treɪt/
concentrate verb (GIVE ATTENTION)
B1 [ I or T ]
to direct your attention or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject, or problem
專注，專心；全神貫注；集中（注意力）
Come on, concentrate! We don't have all day to do this.快點，集中精神！我們可沒有一整天時間來做這件事。
I can't concentrate on my work with all that noise.那麼吵，我沒法集中精力。
I find running concentrates the mind (= helps me to think).我發現跑步能使我集中心思。
I'm going to concentrate on my writing for a while.我要專心寫作一會兒。
The company is concentrating (its resources) on developing new products.公司正在集中力量開發新產品。
减少例句
- I couldn't concentrate on my work - my mind was on other things.
- She was concentrating on her book and his voice startled her.
- Just try to concentrate on hitting the ball.
- I can't concentrate because of all the noise the builders are making.
- It's a good film, but the plot is very complicated and you really have to concentrate.
concentrate verb (COME TOGETHER)
C1 [ T usually passive or I, usually + adv/prep ]
to bring or come together in a large number or amount in one particular area
集中；聚集；匯集；集結
Most of the country's population is concentrated in the north.該國的大部分人口都集中在北部。
In the dry season, the animals tend to concentrate in the areas where there is water.在乾旱的季節，動物常常聚集在有水的地區。
concentrate verb (REMOVE WATER)
to make a liquid or substance stronger and reduce its size by removing water from it
使濃縮
concentrate
noun [ C or U ]
UK
/ˈkɒn.sən.treɪt/ US
/ˈkɑːn.sən.treɪt/
a liquid from which some of the water has been removed
濃縮物；濃縮液
fruit-juice concentrate濃縮果汁
GEOLOGY specialized
an ore from which rock has been removed
精礦
a mineral concentrate精礦
concentration
noun
UK
/ˌkɒn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/ US
/ˌkɑːn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/
concentration noun (ATTENTION)
B2 [ U ]
the ability to think carefully about something you are doing and nothing else
專注，專心
The noise outside made concentration difficult.外面吵得我難以集中注意力。
There was a look of intense concentration on her face.她臉上帶著全神貫注的表情。
I find that yoga improves my powers of concentration.我發現練瑜伽提高了我的注意力。
It was hard to follow what the teacher was saying, and eventually I lost concentration.我發現自己難以理解老師在講甚麼，最後就出神了。
The party's concentration on tax reduction has won them a lot of support.政府集中推行減稅政策，從而贏得了廣泛的支持。
减少例句
- This is a very difficult piece of music to play - it demands a lot of concentration.
- Heart surgery exacts tremendous skill and concentration.
- The job demands a high level of concentration.
- Hyperactive children often have poor concentration and require very little sleep.
- Even a low level of noise interferes with my concentration.
concentration noun (AMOUNT)
C2 [ C or U ]
a large number or amount of something in the same place
集中；聚集；匯集
There is a heavy concentration of troops in the area.該地區有重兵駐紮。
[ C or U ] CHEMISTRY specialized
the exact amount of one particular substance that is found in another substance
濃度
a concentration of one part per million百萬分之一的濃度
High concentrations of toxic elements were found in the polluted areas.在受污染地區發現了高濃度的有毒元素。
concentration noun (GAME)
[ U ] US
(UK pelmanism)
a card game in which players use their memory to try to find pairs of matching cards, turning over two cards at a time from a set of cards that are spread out face (= picture side) down
配對紙牌遊戲
concern
verb
UK
/kənˈsɜːn/ US
/kənˈsɝːn/
concern verb (WORRY)
C1 [ T ]
使擔憂；使掛念；使焦慮
The state of my father's health concerns us greatly.我父親的健康狀況讓我們非常擔心。
[ + that ] It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact.還沒有聯絡到他，我很擔心。
减少例句
- We're now going to turn to an issue that concerns us all - racism.
- His attitude concerns me.
- The poor state of the fire escapes concerned me greatly.
- It concerned them that no doctor was available.
- Does it concern you that your children are out after dark?
concern verb (INVOLVE)
B2 [ T ]
to be important to someone or to involve someone directly
對…很重要；與…相關；涉及到…，關係到…
Matters of pollution and the environment concern us all.污染和環境的問題與我們所有人都息息相關。
What I have to say to Amy doesn't concern you.我要跟埃米說的事與你無關。
B2 [ T ] formal
If a story, film, or article concerns a particular subject, person, etc., it is about that person or subject.
（故事、電影或文章）涉及，是關於…的
The documentary concerns a woman who goes to China as a missionary.電影講述的是一位去中國傳教的女子的故事。
concern yourself
to become involved with something, or worried about something
關心；關注；擔心
There's no need for you to concern yourself with what happened.你不用操心發生了甚麼事情。
Don't concern yourself. She'll be home soon.別擔心，她很快就會回家的。
to whom it may concern
something you write at the start of a formal letter or notice when you do not know exactly who it should be sent to
（用於正式信函開頭處）敬啟者
更多範例
concern
noun
UK
/kənˈsɜːn/ US
/kənˈsɝːn/
concern noun (WORRY)
B2 [ C or U ]
a worried or nervous feeling about something, or something that makes you feel worried
擔心；憂慮；掛念；憂慮的事情
Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing.兩名失蹤少年的安危越來越令人擔憂。
There's a lot of public concern about/over dangerous toxins recently found in food.公眾對近來在食物中發現危險毒素一事非常不安。
[ + that ] My concern is that you're not getting enough work done.我擔心的是你你工作的完成量不夠。
更多範例
concern noun (BUSINESS)
a company
公司，企業
a family concern家族企業
It started slowly, but the company is now a going concern (= doing business effectively).公司起步很慢，但現在生意做得很好。
concern noun (IMPORTANT TO)
B2 [ C or U ]
something that is important to you, or the fact of being important
重要的事；關心的事，關切的事；關心，關切
[ + to infinitive ] His concern to appear sophisticated amused everyone.他一心要顯得老練，讓大家覺得很好笑。
The company's sole concern is to ensure the safety of its employees.公司唯一關注的是要確保其員工的安全。
There's a matter of some concern that I have to discuss with you.我有件重要的事要跟你商量。
something that involves or affects you or is important to you
關切的事；關心的事；有利害關係的事
What were the major concerns of the writers from this period?這個時期的作家主要關注的是甚麼？
I don't want to hear about it - it's no concern of mine!我不想聽那件事——完全與我無關！
"What's happening?" "That's none of/not any of your concern."「發生甚麽事了？」「不關你的事。」
be of concern
to be important
很重要；有重大影響
The results of the election are of concern to us all.選舉的結果對我們所有人都有重大影響。
vt.
及物動詞通常不用進行式
- 1.（不用被動式）關於
- 2.涉及，關係到；影響到The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities. 這封信主要是關於出口商品的。The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關。
- 3.使擔心；使不安[H][（+about/for）]The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳，使他的父母親憂慮。He is concerned for her safety. 他擔心她的安全。
- 4.使關心[H][（+about/with）]He was very concerned about her. 他對她非常關心。
n.
名詞
- 1.關心的事，重要的事[C]That's no concern of mine. 那不關我的事。
- 2.關係；利害關係[C][U][（+with/in）]
- 3.擔心，掛念；關懷[U][C][（+about/for）]Andrew expressed his concern. 安德魯表示了他的關切。
- 4.公司，企業[C]
- 5.【口】小玩意兒；東西
· public concern公眾關注
· of no concern無關緊要，沒有意義
· grave concern嚴重關切
· concern about對…表示擔心/憂慮；使（自己）關心…
· as concerns關於；就…而論
· concern oneself擔心某人
· issue of common concern共同關心的問題
· Humanitarian concern人文關懷
· cause concern提起注意
· primary concern主要關心的事
· My concern我關心的事情
· concern over對…的關心／憂慮
· business concern企業；商行
· going concern繼續經營企業
· concern oneself in干預；從事（參與；從事參與）；干涉
· private concern私人事務；隱秘的事；私事
· concern n關於
· express concern表達關注
· of concern重要的；具有意義
· concern with使關心，掛念
· ultimate concern終極關懷
· with concern關切地
concerning
preposition
formal
UK
/kənˈsɜː.nɪŋ/ US
/kənˈsɝː.nɪŋ/
B2
about
關於
I've had a letter from the tax authorities concerning my tax payments.我收到了稅務部門寄來的關於我納稅情況的一封信。
减少例句
- We wish to remove any ambiguity concerning our demands.
- They have been lobbying Congress to change the legislation concerning guns.
- I have received several letters concerning the proposal for a new road in the area.
- Has Margaret spoken to you concerning the new computers?
concession
noun
UK
/kənˈseʃ.ən/ US
/kənˈseʃ.ən/
concession noun (SOMETHING ALLOWED)
C2 [ C or U ]
something that is allowed or given up, often in order to end a disagreement, or the act of allowing or giving this
（常指為結束爭端而作出的）認可，讓步，妥協
Both sides involved in the conflict made some concessions in yesterday's talks.在昨天的談判中，衝突雙方都作出了讓步。
He stated firmly that no concessions will be made to the terrorists.他強硬地宣稱不會對恐怖分子作出任何讓步。
也請參見
認輸
The former president's concession came even before all the votes had been counted.選票還沒完全統計出來，前總統就承認失利了。
a concession speech承認失敗的講話
减少例句
- Some politicians fear that agreeing to the concession would set a dangerous precedent.
- She didn't make any concessions to the fact that we were tired.
- His only concession was that we were allowed to sit down during the speeches.
- The kidnappers have made significant concessions to their demands.
- We will not make any concessions to people found to be in breach of the law.
concession noun (LOWER PRICE)
C2 [ C ] UK
a reduction in the usual price of something, made available to students, old people, etc.
（對學生、老少或失業人士的）價格優惠，減價
You can get travel concessions if you are under 26.26歲以下者乘車可以獲得優惠。
concession noun (RIGHT)
a special right to property or land
（財產、土地等的）特許權；許可使用權
the right to sell a product in a particular area
特許經營權；特許銷售權
· we can not make heavy concession to the matter.
我們在這個問題上不能過於讓步.
· i can not make concession which is outside the regulation.
我不能作出越規的讓步.
· we may consider making some concession in our price.
在價格上，我們可以考慮作一些讓步。
同義詞
n. 讓步，遷就
· , surrender
· , capitulation
· , resignation
· , compliance
· , acquiescence
· , yielding
· , granting
· , giving in
· , assent
n. 妥協，協調
· , adjustment
n. 讓予
· grant
· , ceding
· , cession
· , bestowal
· , conferment
· , conferral
· , trade-off
· , allowance
n. 特權，特許權
· , exception
· , immunity
n. 核准，許可，特許
· , authorization
· , warrant
· , licence
· , permit
· , sanction
· , leave
· , permission
· , prerogative
· , right
concise
adjective
UK
/kənˈsaɪs/ US
/kənˈsaɪs/
short and clear, expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words
簡潔的；簡明的；簡練的；簡明扼要的
Make your answers clear and concise.回答要言簡意賅。
conclude
verb
UK
/kənˈkluːd/ US
/kənˈkluːd/
conclude verb (FINISH)
C1 [ I or T ]
to end a speech, meeting, or piece of writing
（以…）結束（講話、會議、文章等）
She concluded the speech by reminding us of our responsibility.她在演講結束時提醒我們所承擔的責任。
Before I conclude, I'd like to thank you all for coming.在結束發言前，我想感謝諸位的光臨。
The concert concluded with a rousing chorus.音樂會以激動人心的大合唱結束。
to complete an official agreement or task, or arrange a business deal
締結；達成；議定
减少例句
- It's difficult to guess what they will conclude from the evidence.
- The report concluded that there was no evidence of collusive behaviour between the banks.
- Judge Keenan concluded that the surveillance had been lawful.
- The meeting concluded with a prayer.
- The book concludes with a plea for a change in the law.
conclude verb (JUDGE)
C1 [ T ]
to judge or decide something after thinking carefully about it
斷定；決定；推斷出；作出（結論）
[ + that ] The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendant was innocent.陪審團依據證據裁決被告無罪。
The discussions continued late into the night, but nothing was concluded.一直談到深夜，可是沒有作出任何決定。
vt.
及物動詞
- 1.結束[（+by/with）]We concluded our meeting at 9 o'clock. 我們九點鐘結束了會議。
- 2.推斷出，斷定[W][Y][+that]What can you conclude from these observations? 你從這些觀察中能得出什麼結論？
- 3.締結（條約）[（+with）]
- 4.（最後）決定（為）[+to-v][+that]He concluded that he would wait a little longer. 他決定再等一會兒。He concluded to quit on pay day. 他決定在發薪水這天辭職。
vi.
不及物動詞
- 1.結束，終了[（+with）]The meeting concluded after two hours. 兩小時後會議結束了。
- 2.斷定
- 3.達成協議
- 4.作出（最後）決定
· with this, we conclude our series of articles on this subject.
我們以這篇文章結束了關於這個主題的系列文章。
· employers and workers may conclude labor contracts with a period to complete the prescribed work upon unanimity through consultation.
用人單位與勞動者協商一致，可以訂立以完成一定工作任務為期限的勞動合同。
· to conclude my remarks, let me reiterate the message i began this speech with.
在結束我的講話時，我想重申我在開頭時所傳達的信息。
· we conclude with a discussion on how (not) to count them.
我們以怎樣計算它們的討論結束本文。
· it is an ideal way to conclude a season of summer reading.
這是一種理想的方式來結束這一季的夏日閱讀。
· and with that, we conclude the third and final example.
這樣，我們結束第三個而且是最后一個例子。
· conclude with a quote or call to action.
以一個引證結束，或者號召大家去行動。
· but if someone handed the books to you one at a time, you might conclude very strongly that you’re in the fantasy section.
但是，如果有人把這三本書一本一本地遞給你，你會非常肯定地得出結論說自己身在奇幻類圖書區。
· i will offer some advice from different perspectives and conclude with my personal recommendation.
我將以不同的觀點提出一些建議并用我個人的建議作為總結。
· these features are full topics in and of themselves, so i must conclude by briefly touching only on the most popular of them: versioning.
這些特性本身都可以是個完整的主題，所以我必須簡要地總結一下，只介紹它們當中最流行的那一個：版本管理。
· we will conclude this article with the general outline of how to build the application and, in the next article, we will list all of the steps to build and test it.
我們將以大致列出如何構建應用程序的總體步驟來結束本文，在下一篇文章中我們將列出構建的具體步驟并進行測試。
conclusion
noun
UK
/kənˈkluː.ʒən/ US
/kənˈkluː.ʒən/
conclusion noun (LAST PART)
C2 [ C ]
結局；結尾；結果
Be careful not to introduce new ideas in the conclusion of your essay.注意不要在你的論文結論部分引入新的想法。
in conclusion formal
B2
最後
In conclusion, I would like to thank our guest speaker.最後，我要感謝我們的演講嘉賓。
- The conclusion of your essay is good, but the final sentence is too long and complicated.
- If we carry this argument to its logical conclusion, we realize that further investment is not a good idea.
- The result of the election seems to be a foregone conclusion.
- The film has a boringly predictable conclusion.
- By this time they had disagreed so fiercely that there was no hope of an amicable conclusion.
conclusion noun (AGREEMENT)
the act of arranging or agreeing something formally
締結；商定；議定
the conclusion of the deal/treaty協議的達成／條約的締結
conclusion noun (JUDGMENT)
B1 [ C ]
the opinion you have after considering all the information about something
結論；推論；推斷
Did you come to/reach/draw any conclusions at the meeting this morning?今天上午的會議上你們有沒有得出甚麼結論？
[ + that ] At first I thought he was a bit shy, but I've come to the conclusion that he's simply unfriendly!起初我以為他有點害羞，可是後來我斷定他就是不友好！
n.
名詞
- 1.結論；推論；決定[C][+that]They drew different conclusions from the facts. 他們從這些事實中引出了不同的結論。
- 2.結尾，結局[C]
- 3.終結，結束[U][S]
- The debate did not come to a conclusion until midnight. 辯論直到午夜才結束。
- 4.（條約等的）締結；（買賣等的）議定[U][（+of）]
- The conclusion of this agreement is in the interests of both sides. 簽訂這份合同對雙方都有好
concrete
adjective
UK
/ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/ US
/ˈkɑːn.kriːt/
C1
clear and certain, or real and existing in a form that can be seen or felt
確定的，確實的；具體的，有形的，實在的
They think she killed her husband, but they have no concrete evidence.他們認爲她殺死了自己的丈夫，但是沒有確鑿的證據。
We have a general idea of what we want, but nothing concrete at the moment.我們對需要甚麽有個大致的想法，可是具體的東西目前還沒有想好。
减少例句
- It is sometimes easier to illustrate an abstract concept by analogy with something concrete.
- He drew attention to the absence of concrete evidence against the defendant.
- I have a suspicion that he's having an affair, though I don't have any concrete proof.
in the concrete實際上，具體的