I. 動詞可分為：
A. 規則動詞、不規則動詞：著眼於過去式的變化是否規則。
規則動詞：play → played, study → studied, talk → talked
不規則動詞：come → came, go → went, see → saw, run → ran

B. 限定動詞、非限定動詞：
限定動詞：通常指放在主詞後面的第一個動詞。它受主詞影響及句中副詞影響。
非限定動詞：通常指放在第一個動詞後面的動詞。包括『不定詞、動名詞、分詞等』。它不受主詞影響及句中副詞影響，且個數不限定。
I like to listen to her playing the piano.

C. 及物動詞、不及物動詞：著眼於動詞後面是否加受詞。有受詞者，叫做『及物』動詞。

及物動詞：She has a handsome boyfriend in Taipei.

完全及物動詞：動詞接了受詞之後，意思已很完整，不需再加以補充說明(補語)：He enjoys coffee very much.『情緒動詞』便屬於此類。國中常見之情緒動詞及過去分詞的介係詞如下：bore(with), tire(with, of厭煩), satisfy(with), trouble(with), surprise(at), confuse(with), worry(about), excite(about), interest(in), scare(with), embarrass(with / about)。
情緒動詞本身均為規則動詞，它的現在分詞、過去分詞均可當作形容詞。
現在分詞：令人… …的; 介係詞一律用『to』 【現在分詞：表主動、或強調進行】
過去分詞：覺得… …的; 介係詞隨動詞而異 【過去分詞：表被動、或強調完成】
The movie excites the girls.
→ The movie is exciting to the girls.
→ The girls are interested in the movie.
Don't buy stolen things. It's illegal. (Someone stole them.)
It's hard to shoot a moving bird. (The bird is moving.)

不完全及物動詞：動詞接了受詞之後，意思仍不完整，需再加以補充說明(補語)。使役動詞、感官動詞便是其中之一。
I keep her waiting in the lobby. I kept the door locked.
I found him sleeping in his room. She found him killed.
The classical music makes her happy. (happy在補充說明her)
Don’t worry. I’ll make/ let/ have/ bid her go with you.
Can you feel the earth moving? Can you hear someone singing?
I have never seen him cry. I have never seen her smile.
She drives me nuts. They elected Tony chairman.

授與動詞(與格動詞)：及物動詞中，有些同時擁有兩個受詞；一個是『人』，另一個是『物』。『人』又叫『間接受詞』；『物』又叫『直接受詞』。而且『人』『物』兩受詞間，不需加連接詞。而且可將『人』『物』位置對調，此時，中間需加一個『介係詞』(當『物』為人稱代名詞時，必須以『物』『介』『人』方式排列)。
ask人＋物 → ask物of人
give人＋物 → give物to人
bring人＋物 → bring物to(for)人
write人＋物 → write物to人
sing人＋物 → sing物for人
buy人＋物 → buy物for人
make人＋物 → make物for人
sell人＋物 → sell物to人
lend人＋物 → lend物to人
send人＋物 → send物to人
tell人＋物 → tell物to人
show人＋物 → show物to人

不及物動詞：
Money talks. Flowers bloom. Accounts differ.
He cried and ran away sadly. (cry, run後面無受詞)

完全不及物動詞：句子意思已很完整，不需再加以補充說明(補語)
A man can't fly.

不完全不及物動詞(連綴動詞)：句子意思仍不完整，需再加以補充說明(補語)
I am a man. Money isn’t everything. It’s a piece of cake.
She looks beautiful. He appears happy.
國中常見之連綴動詞：be, look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel, become, get(變得), grow(長成), fall(變得), go(逐漸變得), come(=become), keep
Her dream finally came true.
Everything goes wrong. I'm going crazy!
In summer, the days are getting longer and longer and nights shorter and shorter.
The meat smells like shit.
The baby fell asleep soon because it felt very sleepy.




II. 動詞的三態及現在分詞、動名詞的形成
A. 現在分詞、動名詞的形成
直接加ing：play→playing; see→seeing
重複字尾子音再加ing：run→running(結尾為一個母音字母＋一個子音字母且重音在母音字母上)
結尾為『e』且 『e』不發音則去『e』＋ing：live→living
結尾為『ie』則去『ie』＋ying：die→dying; lie→lying

B. 規則的動詞三態
規則動詞的過去式與過去分詞都有『ed』結尾
look, looked, looked play, played, played
study, studied, studied plan, planned, planned
<結尾為一個母音字母＋一個子音字母且重音在母音字母上>

C. 不規則動詞的過去式與過去分詞
freeze, froze, frozen
get, got, got(ten)
fly, flew, flown
forget, forgot, forgot(ten)
feel, felt, felt
find, found, found
eat, ate, eaten
fall, fell, fell
drink, drank, drunk
drive, drove, driven
choose, chose, chosen
draw, drew, drawn
catch, caught, caught
do, did, done
can, could, *
come, came, come
buy, bought, bought
cost, cost, cost
break, broke, broken
build, built, built
begin, began, begun
bite, bit, bitten
bear, bore, born
become, became, become
are, were, been
is (am), was, been
hold, held, held
hurt, hurt, hurt
give, gave, given
go, went, gone
grow, grew, grown
have (has), had, had
hear, heard, heard
leave, left, left
keep, kept, kept
lose, lost, lost
let, let, let
make, made, made
may, might, *
read, read, read
mean, meant, meant
ride, rode, rode
meet, met, met
ring, rang, rang
put, put, put
run, ran, run
rise, rose, risen
say, said, said
see, saw, seen
sell, sold, sold
send, sent, sent
set, set, set 【設定】
shall, should, *
shine, shined, shined 【擦亮】
shine, shone, shone 【照耀】
shoot, shot, shot
show, showed, shown (showed)
stand, stood, stood
shut, shut, shut
sing, sang, sung
sleep, slept, slept
speak, spoke, spoken
spend, spent, spent
spread, spread, spread
steal, stole, stolen
spring, sprang, sprung
swim, swam, swum
take, took, taken
teach, taught, taught
tell, told, told
think, thought, thought
throw, threw, thrown
write, wrote, written
wake, woke(waked), woke(n) waked
will, would, *
win, won, won
understand, understood, understood