Benign cervical lesion

risk factors
1. HPV (16, 18, 31, 33, 51)
2. Sex (multi-partners, early intercourse, poor hygiene, STD_HSV-2)
3. immunocompromised
4. Smoking
(5) common occurred in transformation zone (squamous, glandular)

Clinical stage (Pap smear finding)
(1)Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasm(CIN)
CIN 1 = involved L/3
CIN 2 = involved M/3
CIN 3 = involved U/3 = carcinoma in situ
(2)Bethesda staging
Atypical, undertermined sifnificance (squmaous or glandular)
squamous cell intra-epithelial lesion (low or high grade_
== ASCUS = Atypical squamous cell with undetermined significance
== AGUS = Atypical glandular cell with undertermined significance
== LSIL = Low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion
= CIN 1
== HSIL = High-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion
= CIN 2 or 3

Why did they devide benign cervical lesion into two group?
== prognosis and flow-chart

LSIL
== HPV infection or self-limited STD
== 60% regression, 10% => CIN3, 1% => cervical cancer
== HPV 16(+), higher risk for carcinoma change

HSIL
== Pre-cancer stage
== indicated for colposcopy
== about colposcopy
(1) 6 ~ 40 fold zoom in
(2) acetic acid (action with protein, high N/C ration = high chromatin)
(chromatin would react with acetic acid => whitening)
(false positive = inflammation)
(for ecto-cervical lesion only)
(3) biopsy (if unsatisfactory for colposcopic finding)
(if wanna evaluate endocervical lesion)